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1 Fracking 101 - NRDC
https://www.nrdc.org/stories/fracking-101
Fracking operations not only strain water resources but risk polluting them as well. A 2016 EPA analysis found that while large data gaps and ...
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2 EPA's Study of Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas and Its ...
https://www.epa.gov/hfstudy
EPA released the final report, “Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas: Impacts from the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle on Drinking Water ...
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3 Fracking Can Contaminate Drinking Water - Scientific American
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fracking-can-contaminate-drinking-water/
In 2015, EPA said in a controversial draft study that hydraulic fracturing has not had “widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water ...
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4 Hydraulic Fracturing and its Impact on Water Resources
https://www.watercalculator.org/footprint/fracking-water/
There are many pathways to pollution from fracking. After the well is fracked and starts producing oil and gas, much of the fracking fluid ...
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5 Fracking's Environmental Impacts: Water - Greenpeace USA
https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/fighting-climate-chaos/issues/fracking/environmental-impacts-water/
Contamination of Water Wells and Gas Migration · In Pennsylvania, Colorado, Ohio and Wyoming, fracking has been linked to drinking water contamination and ...
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6 Scientists agree: Fracking doesn't harm our water
https://www.cred.org/scientists-fracking-doesnt-harm-water/
United States Geological Survey (2017): Unconventional oil and gas operations, such as fracking, did not affect drinking water quality. Duke University (2017): ...
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7 How Fracking Has Contaminated Drinking Water
https://www.consumerreports.org/water-contamination/how-fracking-has-contaminated-drinking-water-a1256135490/
The researchers detected high levels of salts, ammonium, selenium, lead, and other toxic substances, as well as radium, a naturally occurring ...
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8 Fracking - Safe Drinking Water Foundation
https://www.safewater.org/fact-sheets-1/2017/1/23/fracking
Fracking uses millions of litres of source water. Fracking can lower groundwater levels and reduce water pressure in nearby aquifers. This ...
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9 EPA study shows fracking pollutes drinking water
https://www.southernenvironment.org/news/epa-study-shows-fracking-pollutes-drinking-water/
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently issued new findings proving fracking can lead to water contamination that, in some cases, ...
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10 Water Quality and Quantity Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40518-014-0023-4
Avenues through which shale gas and tight oil development may affect water quality in rivers and streams include accidental release of fracking ...
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11 Surface Water Vulnerable to Widespread Pollution From ...
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20082021/water-fracking-pollution-study/
Fracking, short for hydraulic fracturing, uses water laced with sand and a wide variety of additives to shatter rock deep underground and ...
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12 Study Links Fracking, Drinking Water Pollution, and Infant Health
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/study-links-fracking-drinking-water-pollution-and-infant-heath
The new study indicates that fracking-related chemicals – including dangerous volatile organic compounds – are making their way into groundwater ...
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13 Hydraulic fracturing can impact surface water quality, study ...
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210819142722.htm
The study, released today in the journal Science, finds hydraulic fracturing is associated with small increases in salt concentrations in ...
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14 Here's How Fracking Causes Water Pollution - Green Matters
https://www.greenmatters.com/p/fracking-water-pollution
Another way that contamination can occur is when the fracking water eventually makes its way back up to the surface. After being used for ...
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15 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Quality | American Scientist
https://www.americanscientist.org/article/hydraulic-fracturing-and-water-quality
Following injection of water deep into rock during fracking, wastewater is produced that contains industrial chemicals as well as leached compounds. Much debate ...
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16 Hydraulic Fracturing & Health
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/fracking/index.cfm
The EPA found scientific evidence that hydraulic fracking activities can affect drinking water resources under some circumstances. The extent of water ...
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17 Why Is Fracking Bad for the Environment? - Investopedia
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/011915/what-are-effects-fracking-environment.asp
Fracking uses large amounts of water and releases toxic chemicals into the surrounding water table. Each well consumes a median of 1.5 million gallons, ...
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18 Hydraulic Fracturing: The Impact on Surface Water Quality
https://epic.uchicago.edu/news/hydraulic-fracturing-the-impact-on-surface-water-quality/
It concluded that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact water resources under some circumstances, but it did not identify widespread ...
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19 The truth about fracking and the environment
https://www.wilderness.org/news/article/truth-about-fracking-and-environment
Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” is revolutionizing oil and gas drilling across the country. However, without rigorous safety regulations, it can poison ...
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20 Hydraulic Fracturing 101 - Earthworks
https://earthworks.org/issues/hydraulic-fracturing-101/
This is approximately the annual water consumption of 40 to 80 cities each with a population of 50,000. Fracture treatments in coalbed methane wells use from ...
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21 Hydraulic fracturing near domestic groundwater wells - PNAS
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1701682114
Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation process that pumps fluid through a well (henceforth referred to as a hydraulically fractured well) to ...
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22 Hydraulic Fracturing
https://www.ipaa.org/fracking/
Does fracking threaten groundwater? ... No. And you don't have to take our word for it. No fewer than two dozen scientific studies have concluded that fracking ...
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23 Is Fracking a Threat to Public Health? Yale Scientists Aim to ...
https://environment.yale.edu/news/article/yale-hydrologist-examines-links-between-fracking-water-public-health
A 2016 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that hydraulic fracturing, the unconventional oil and gas drilling ...
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24 Hydraulic Fracturing and Domestic Water Issues
https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/hydraulic-fracturing-and-domestic-water-issues.html
How Could this Affect Your Well or Drinking Water? ... Since the total volume of water used to fracture a well can range from 2 million to 4 million gallons, with ...
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25 Hydraulic Fracturing Contamination In Drinking Water Supply
https://www.aquasana.com/info/hydraulic-fracturing-contamination-in-drinking-water-pd.html
Another troubling aspect of water pollution caused by fracking is that the Environmental Protection Agency's labs aren't suited to testing for fracking ...
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26 Fracking - Center for Biological Diversity
https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fracking/index.html
Fracking Threatens America's Air, Water and Climate. It poisons our water, contaminates our air and emits massive greenhouse gas pollution. Hydraulic fracturing ...
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27 EPA: Fracking can harm drinking water | The Texas Tribune
https://www.texastribune.org/2016/12/13/epa-fracking-can-harm-drinking-water/
In an amped-up final report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says there is scientific evidence that hydraulic fracturing activities ...
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28 Hydraulic Fracturing: What It Means for Your Private Well
https://mytapscore.com/blogs/tips-for-taps/hydraulic-fracturing-what-it-means-for-your-private-well
What does fracking mean for your drinking water? ... Hydraulic fracturing can and does contaminate groundwater. This was suspected for decades and ...
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29 EPA finds fracking can impact drinking water, shifts ... - CNBC
https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/13/epa-finds-fracking-can-impact-drinking-water-shifts-focus-from-earlier-report.html
The Environmental Protection Agency's final report on a five-year study finds hydraulic fracturing can in fact contaminate drinking water in ...
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30 EPA reverses course, highlights fracking contamination of ...
https://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/12/13/epa-fracking-contamination-drinking-water
After stressing in June 2015 that there was no "widespread, systematic impact" on water, the agency now is emphasizing that fracking can affect ...
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31 Managing the Risks of Hydraulic Fracturing, 2020
https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/managing-the-risks-of-hydraulic-fracturing-2020.pdf
3 The EPA's 2016 Comprehensive Report on Fracking's Impact on Water Quality ... natural gas methane into underground water sources—does not affect the air ...
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32 The costs of fracking - Environment America
https://environmentamerica.org/center/resources/the-costs-of-fracking/
Drinking water contamination – Fracking brings with it the potential for spills, blowouts and well failures that contaminate groundwater ...
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33 Hydraulic Fracturing | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov
https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/hydraulic-fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, is the process of injecting water, sand, and/or chemicals into a well to break up ...
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34 March 12, 2021 - Hydraulic Fracturing: What's Up? -
https://sustainability.utdallas.edu/news/20210212b/
Drinking Water Contamination – Numerous research form the EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] , specifically in the states of Pennsylvania, ...
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35 Fracking Is Dangerous To Your Health -- Here's Why - Forbes
https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2017/02/23/fracking-is-dangerous-to-your-health-heres-why/
Toxic gases like benzene are released from the rock by fracking. Similarly, a toxic waste brew of water and chemicals is often stored in open ...
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36 Does Hydraulic Fracturing Affect Drinking Water?
https://www.pollutionsolutions-online.com/news/water-wastewater/17/breaking-news/does-hydraulic-fracturing-affect-drinking-water/35117
Water acquisition — hydraulic fracturing requires large volumes of water to open the rock fissures and release the oil and gas. Making the fracking mix — ...
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37 Water Contamination - Physicians for Social Responsibility
https://psr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/fracking-and-water-contamination.pdf
hydraulic fracturing method.1 These wells are ... 50 percent affect the brain, kidneys, and ... 3 US Geological Survey, “How much water does the typical.
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38 Recycling Fracking Water - Texas Comptroller
https://comptroller.texas.gov/economy/fiscal-notes/2015/october/fracking.php
Bluefield Research, which tracks water strategies and trends for industry, estimates that in 2014 the fracking industry spent nearly $6.4 billion on water ...
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39 Environmental impact of fracking - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fracking
Water usage by fracking can be a problem in areas that experience water shortage. Surface water may be contaminated through spillage and improperly built and ...
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40 Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Quality: A Cause for Concern?
https://www.watereducation.org/western-water-excerpt/hydraulic-fracturing-and-water-quality-cause-concern
The technique of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” injects high pressure volumes of water, sand and chemicals into existing wells to unlock ...
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41 north dakota - hydraulic fracturing & water use
https://www.swc.nd.gov/pdfs/fracking_water_use_brochure.pdf
February 2022. NORTH DAKOTA. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING & WATER USE. FACTS did. YOU know the hydraulic fracturing process ... how oil development may be affecting.
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42 A Public Health Review of High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing ...
https://www.health.ny.gov/press/reports/docs/high_volume_hydraulic_fracturing.pdf
contaminated water) that are large enough to cause a biological effect. However, studies of environmental impacts often do not attempt to ...
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43 hydraulic Fracturing and Water resources
http://www.worldwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/ww8-ch4-fracking.pdf
prove the production of oil and gas wells, hydraulic fracturing has been used in other ... to how large withdrawals would affect water quality.
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44 The impacts of fracking on the environment
https://www.unco.edu/nhs/biology/about-us/franklin-scott/lab/images/Meng2017.pdf
pollutants in groundwater and drinking water in proximity to fracking ... changes the effect of current greenhouse gases, and the author would.
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45 Potential Health and Environmental Effects of Hydrofracking in ...
https://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health/case_studies/hydrofracking_w.html
The process, "hydraulic fracturing", literally involves the smashing of rock with millions of gallons of water--along with sand and a ...
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46 How Close is Too Close for Hydraulic Fracturing?
https://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/news-events/news-insights/how-close-too-close-hydraulic-fracturing
The goal was to identify any domestic water wells that sat within 2 kilometers of a hydraulically fractured well. Previously published studies ...
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47 How is Groundwater Protected During Hydraulic Fracturing?
https://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/energy-primers/hydraulic-fracturing/how-is-groundwater-protected-during-hydraulic-fracturing-2
An Energy Department report concluded: “Ground water is protected during the shale gas fracturing process by a combination of the casing and cement that is ...
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48 Hydraulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues
https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R43152.pdf
An amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) passed as a part of ... in the SDWA do not apply to hydraulic fracturing, although the ...
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49 SCIENCE, DEMOCRACY, AND FRACKING
https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/center-for-science-and-democracy/fracking-informational-toolkit.pdf
Hydraulic fracturing can use vast amounts of water—as much as a few million ... How would oil and gas development in my region affect support for energy ...
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50 Study shows hydraulic fracturing fluids affect water chemistry ...
https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/study-shows-hydraulic-fracturing-fluids-affect-water-chemistry-gas-wells/
"Our work showed that the fracturing fluid chemistry does influence metal leaching from the shale that can lead to secondary mineral ...
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51 Hydraulic Fracturing - Concerns
https://www.watershedcouncil.org/hydraulic-fracturing---concerns.html
Water withdrawals for water used in fracking hold the potential to cause significant environmental harm. Water withdrawals can lead to wells, springs, and ...
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52 Hydraulic fracturing water use variability in the United States ...
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015WR017278
During hydraulic fracturing, water containing chemical additives and a propping agent is injected into a low-permeability petroleum reservoir ...
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53 Testing for Potential Contaminants Associated with Hydraulic ...
https://www.alloway.com/features/testing-potential-contaminants-associated-hydraulic-fracturing
According to Wikipedia, hydraulic fracturing is “the widening of fractures in a rock layer caused by the high-pressure injection of chemicals with water.” It is ...
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54 Fracking, explained - Vox
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/14/18076690/fracking
How has fracking affected the US economy? ... Higher economic growth: The oil and gas industry is a fairly small portion of the overall US economy ...
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55 The Environmental and Occupational Health Impacts of High ...
https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/10/02/15/37/hydraulic-fracturing
The basic technology of hydraulic fracturing has existed since the 1860s. Hydraulic fracturing involves using water mixed with sand and varied chemicals to ...
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56 Treating-Water-Hydraulic-Fracturing - C&EN
https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i42/Treating-Water-Hydraulic-Fracturing.html
This wastewater, a combination of the injected fracking fluid and groundwater, is so saline that it is highly toxic to plants and aquatic life.
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57 CARDIN CALLS FOR GAO STUDY OF HYDRAULIC FRACKING
https://www.cardin.senate.gov/press-releases/cardin-calls-for-gao-study-of-hydraulic-fracking/
i. How would this affect cumulative adverse environmental impacts associated hydraulic fracturing? ii. Would this result in more water use and waste water ...
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58 Water Sources for Hydraulic Fracturing
https://www.americangeosciences.org/geoscience-currents/water-sources-hydraulic-fracturing
Hydraulically fracturing a modern well can require millions of gallons of water for the initial fracturing process. This is a potential problem ...
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59 Effect of Hydrofracking on Aquifers - IntechOpen
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58260
Hydraulic fracturing as a technology is well known as a water hog. The volume of water used per well depends on the length of the horizontal borehole and the ...
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60 FRACKING AND THE FOOD SYSTEM
https://foodandwaterwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ib_1605_frackingandthefoodsystem-web.pdf
fracking, hurting farmers and affecting consumer confidence in the food produced in these ... irrigation, but do not address drilling wastewater specifical-.
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61 Hydraulic Fracturing | Denver Water
https://www.denverwater.org/your-water/water-quality/hydraulic-fracturing
The Colorado Oil and Gas Commission estimates that fracking accounts for 0.4 percent of all water in the state. By comparison, Denver Water serves 25 percent of ...
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62 Hydraulic Fracturing Water Use Is Tied to Environmental Impact
https://eos.org/research-spotlights/hydraulic-fracturing-water-use-is-tied-to-environmental-impact
Hydraulic fracturing draws water from local resources, so it can affect water availability, agricultural practices, and the behavior of ...
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63 Hydrofracking - with Turbidity Data
https://www.caryinstitute.org/eco-inquiry/teaching-materials/data-exploration-nos/hydrofracking-turbidity-data
... water withdrawals for the fracking process. In this unit, students explore how fracking might affect turbidity levels using secondary data from streams ...
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64 5 Technologies and Methods that can make Fracking Cleaner
https://u.osu.edu/engr2367publicdocument3/alternatives-to-fracking/new-methods-to-fracking/
Using recycled water and brine conserves freshwater as well as reduces the water pollution caused by traditional fracking systems. According to Patrick J. Kiger ...
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65 Hydraulic Fracturing & Water Stress: Water Demand ... - Ceres
https://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/hydraulic-fracturing-water-stress-water-demand-numbers
57% of water used for hydraulic fracturing was in regions of high or extremely high water stress. · Total water use for fracking operations ...
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66 Hydraulic Fracturing - Fracking in Canada - CAPP
https://www.capp.ca/explore/hydraulic-fracturing/
How Much Water is used in Fracking? ... The volume of water used in hydraulic fracturing depends on the well specifications and geology. On average, a hydraulic ...
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67 Household Water Security: An Analysis of Water Affect in the ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/147/htm
Both scientists and residents are concerned about hydraulic fracturing's impacts on surface- and groundwater, especially regarding how hydraulic fracturing ...
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68 Fracking and National Park Wildlife
https://www.npca.org/articles/227-fracking-and-national-park-wildlife
Fracking operations do not affect water quality alone—they also remove great quantities of water from places that cannot spare it.
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69 Weighing potential costs of hydraulic fracturing – Ecotone
https://www.esa.org/esablog/2011/05/24/weighing-potential-costs-of-hydraulic-fracturing/
Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as “fracking” involves using high-pressure injections of water, chemicals and sand to open cracks that ...
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70 Hydraulic Fracturing – Natural Gas – Water Resources
https://agwt.org/hydraulic-fracturing-resources
When the gas & water returns to the surface there, may be impaired water quality impacted by rock chemistry and the complex additives used in the ―fracking‖ ...
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71 Fracking: Can fracking water use affect the Great Lakes water ...
https://www.mlive.com/weather/2013/10/fracking_can_fracking_water_us.html
This diagram shows a hydraulic fracturing, or frack well. Water, sand and chemicals are forced into rock, causing cracks. New reserves of oil ...
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72 Well Development by Hydro-fracturing - NH.gov
https://www.des.nh.gov/sites/g/files/ehbemt341/files/documents/2020-01/dwgb-1-3.pdf
extent of existing fractures; resulting in an increased flow of water and a larger ... hydro-fracking, while similar to oil well hydro-fracking, does not ...
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73 Fracking | What It Is and Its Effects on the Environment
https://www.consumernotice.org/environmental/fracking/
After the drilling is complete, a fracking fluid that contains a mixture of water, sand and chemicals is blasted into the well under extremely high pressure.
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74 Hydraulic Fracturing in Michigan
https://www.michigan.gov/egle/about/organization/oil-gas-and-minerals/oil-and-gas/hydraulic-fracturing-in-michigan
Hydraulic fracturing is a well completion operation that involves pumping fluids and proppant (typically sand) into a target formation under pressure to create ...
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75 What Is Fracking? | Why Is It Controversial? - Amigo Energy
https://amigoenergy.com/blog/what-is-fracking-why-controversial/
According to a report by Earthworks, fracking does cause pollution. Key findings included that 90% of water injected underground at fracking gas wells is never ...
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76 We're Just Starting to Learn How Fracking Harms Wildlife
https://therevelator.org/fracking-wildlife/
The fracking process uses a lot of water and much of that contaminated H2O returns to the surface, bringing with it heavy metals, radioactivity, ...
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77 As Much Water As Is Use - Center for Western Priorities
http://westernpriorities.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Water-Usage.pdf
water usage for hydraulic fracking may be as high as 140 billion gallons, ... chemicals (which the industry does not have to disclose), ...
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78 Fracking Chemicals Detected in Pennsylvania Drinking Water
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/05/science/earth/fracking-chemicals-detected-in-pennsylvania-drinking-water.html
The industry has long maintained that because fracking occurs thousands of feet below drinking-water aquifers, the drilling chemicals that ...
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79 The Environmental Costs and Benefits of Fracking
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-144051
In principle, hydraulic fracturing could open incipient fractures (cracks) thousands of meters underground, connecting shallow drinking-water aquifers to deeper ...
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80 Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing and Local Groundwater ...
https://www.thecgo.org/research/strategic-reporting-and-the-effects-of-water-use-in-hydraulic-fracturing-on-local-groundwater-levels-in-texas/
High-volume hydraulic fracturing allows for the extraction of otherwise inaccessible natural resources but requires large amounts of water.
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81 After a decade of research, here's what scientists know about ...
https://www.ehn.org/health-impacts-of-fracking-2634432607.html
Fracking, also known as hydraulic fracturing, is a process of extracting oil and gas from the Earth by drilling deep wells and injecting a ...
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82 The Costs of Fracking - Frontier Group
https://frontiergroup.org/resources/costs-fracking/
Fracking can also pollute drinking water sources for major municipal systems, increasing water treatment costs. If fracking were to degrade the New York City ...
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83 Face-Off Over 'Fracking': Water Battle Brews On Hill - NPR
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104565793
Hydraulic fracturing allows drillers to dramatically increase production. The chemicals pumped underground with the water help drillers bore ...
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84 Fracking and Your Health | National Center for Health Research
https://www.center4research.org/fracking-your-health/
More than 100 of the chemicals used in fracking can affect our hormones. These are called endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These chemicals are in the water ...
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85 How Does Fracking Affect the Environment? - Newsweek
https://www.newsweek.com/how-does-fracking-affect-environment-1712093
In addition to air pollution, fracking operations can lead to water pollution, due to the leaking of toxic chemicals that are pumped into ...
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86 EPA's late changes to fracking study downplay risk of drinking ...
https://www.marketplace.org/2016/11/30/epa-s-late-changes-fracking-study-portray-lower-pollution-risk/
But the final release dated June 4, concluded: “Assessment shows hydraulic fracturing activities have not led to widespread, systemic impacts to ...
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87 How Hydraulic Fracturing Works | National Geographic Society
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/how-hydraulic-fracturing-works/
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a drilling method used to extract petroleum (oil) or natural gas from deep in the Earth. In the fracking ...
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88 Fracking | Definition, Environmental Concerns, & Facts
https://www.britannica.com/technology/fracking
Environmental activists note that many standards do not even address some of the chemicals present in fracking water. As a result, the release of even ...
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89 Natural Gas Development and Hydraulic Fracturing
https://www.ncsl.org/documents/energy/frackingguide_060512.pdf
of how hydraulic fracturing affects water supplies and quality. In New York, pending legislation (S.B. 3483 and A.B. 7986) would require groundwater testing.
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90 Fracking, Oil and Gas Development - American Rivers
https://www.americanrivers.org/threats-solutions/energy-development/fracking/
Hydraulic fracturing is an oil and natural gas production technique that involves the injection of millions of gallons of water, plus chemicals and sand, ...
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91 Analysis of Concerns and Risks of Horizontal Drilling and ...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3822874.pdf
2) Only closed loop systems will be used for hydraulic fracturing; ... water supplies surrounded by National Forest System lands that do not extend to ...
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92 Facts About Fracking | Live Science
https://www.livescience.com/34464-what-is-fracking.html
In addition to water quality issues, fracking wells release compounds into the air, such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and n-hexane; long- ...
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93 Hydraulic Fracturing in Wyoming: Benefits, Concerns ...
https://environment.geog.ubc.ca/hydraulic-fracturing-in-wyoming-benefits-concerns-solutions/
Fracking has generated a considerable amount of environmental degradation and has negatively affected the health of residents who live nearby. Ozone pollution, ...
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94 The impact of fracking - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAgl8qTtotc
Michigan Engineering
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95 Hydraulic Fracturing yourPrivate Water Well - TWON
https://twon.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/06/sc-012__fracking-cxd_pta-3may1.pdf
In the past, a well would be fracked over the entire verti- cal production length; today, a horizontal borehole can be fracked at higher pressures over multiple ...
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96 Fracking Can Lead to Elevated Salt Levels in Surface Water ...
https://www.promarket.org/2021/10/06/fracking-wells-salt-levels-surface-water-study-epa/
Fracking can lead to an increased salt levels in water surfaces, especially during early stages of production.
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97 Hydraulic Fracturing | Thermo Fisher Scientific - TW
https://www.thermofisher.com/tw/en/home/industrial/environmental/environmental-learning-center/water-quality-analysis-information/hydraulic-fracturing.html
Anions and organic acids are found in fracking flowback waters. They can alter the viscosity of the fracturing water, thereby affecting the hydraulic fracturing ...
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98 Pennsylvania Fracking Water Contamination Much Higher ...
https://www.ecowatch.com/pennsylvania-fracking-water-contamination-much-higher-than-reported-1882166816.html
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published their long-awaited draft fracking drinking water study and concluded: fracking has ...
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