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1 Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/cfcs-ozone.html
Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Molina discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could deplete Earth's atmospheric ozone layer, which blocks the ...
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2 The Environmental Impact of Chlorofluorocarbon Use in ...
https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(16)32515-6/fulltext
There are no known mechanisms for CFC decomposition in the lower atmosphere (troposphere). Once these compounds are released into the environment, ...
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3 Chlorofluorocarbons as an environmental hazard
http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/134022
CFC's slowly diffuse upward into the stratosphere, where intense ultraviolet radiation causes the molecules to release free chlorine atoms.
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4 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Definition, Effects on Environment
https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/cfc/
Ans. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a group of odourless manufactured chemicals. Because they damage the earth's ozone layer, CFCs have been banned since 1996.
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5 Environmental effects of chlorofluorocarbons - OSTI.GOV
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7191226
Thus, CHF2C1 (CFC-22) should be far less damaging to the ozone shield (for a given rate of emission to the atmosphere) than CFC-11 or. CFC-12 and might be ...
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6 How do CFCs destroy the ozone layer? - LifeGate
https://www.lifegate.com/how-cfcs-destroy-ozone-layer
CFCs do not easily react with other substances. In fact, they break up only through sunlight, which divides their molecules, causing the ...
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7 Chlorofluorocarbons: An Overlooked Climate Threat | Briefing
https://www.eesi.org/briefings/view/chlorofluorocarbons-an-overlooked-climate-threat
CFCs and HCFCs destroy the ozone layer in the stratosphere and are powerful greenhouse gases. They have been predominantly replaced in new ...
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8 The Ozone Layer - UCAR Center for Science Education
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/ozone-layer
Once in the atmosphere, CFCs drift slowly upward to the stratosphere, where they are broken up by ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine atoms, which are ...
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9 Common Coolants Contribute to Ozone Depletion - NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/nasa-study-shows-that-common-coolants-contribute-to-ozone-depletion
CFCs were largely responsible for the ozone depletion first observed by scientists in the 1980s, most notably the ozone hole above Antarctica, ...
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10 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are heavier than air, so how do ...
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chlorofluorocarbons-cfcs/
Gases such as CFCs that are insoluble in water and relatively unreactive in the lower atmosphere (below about 10 kilometers) are quickly mixed ...
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11 Global warming caused by CFCs, not carbon dioxide ...
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130530132443.htm
CFCs are already known to deplete ozone, but in-depth statistical analysis now suggests that CFCs are also the key driver in global climate ...
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12 How Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) get to the Stratosphere ...
https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/research/ozone-uv/moreinfo?view=cfc-stratosphere
Gases such as CFCs that do not dissolve in water and that are relatively unreactive in the lower atmosphere are mixed relatively quickly and therefore reach the ...
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13 Ban on CFCs protects plants' ability to mitigate climate change
https://www.ceh.ac.uk/news-and-media/news/Ban-on-CFCs-protects-plants-ability-to-mitigate-climate-change
Further destruction of the ozone layer would have exposed vegetation to damaging UV levels, affecting its ability to absorb carbon dioxide ...
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14 Chlorofluorocarbons and the Environment - ScienceDirect.com
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030626199090006Y/pdf?md5=47018ea180990af6f41299482fe14987&pid=1-s2.0-030626199090006Y-main.pdf
R-11 and R-12 together contribute an overall influence of 0"44°C (i.e. 0.36°C due to the direct greenhouse warming and a further 0.08°C because of the change in.
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15 What Effects do Chlorofluorocarbons Have on Humans?
https://sciencing.com/effects-chlorofluorocarbons-humans-7053.html
Contact with and inhalation of chlorofluorocarbons can cause damage to the neural and immune system. CFCs can also damage the eyes, ...
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16 Study predicts the oceans will start emitting ozone-depleting ...
https://news.mit.edu/2021/oceans-emitting-cfc-ozone-0315
Further, with increasing climate change, this shift will occur 10 years earlier. The emissions of CFC-11 from the ocean will effectively ...
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17 Protecting the ozone layer while also preventing climate change
https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/climate/ozone-depleting-substances-and-climate-change
Researchers found evidence that linked the depletion of the ozone layer to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogen-source gases in the ...
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18 The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone ...
https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer/
In the 1970s, evidence began to surface that CFCs, which were used in everyday household products such as air conditioners and refrigerators, were depleting the ...
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19 Ozone layer 'rescued' from CFC damage - BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56014092
A steady decline in the levels of ozone-harming CFC chemicals in the atmosphere has resumed, scientists say. This follows a recent, ...
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20 Questions and Answers about the Environmental Effects of the ...
https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/eeap-report2010-FAQ.pdf
Do ozone depleting gases and their substitutes have an effect on climate”? ... chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), stimulated increased research and monitoring in ...
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21 Quantifying contributions of chlorofluorocarbon banks to ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15162-7
Because CFCs have lifetimes of many decades to centuries, atmospheric chlorine loading and ozone loss from these chemicals declines only slowly ...
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22 Introduction - Toxicity of Alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK231526/
Use of HCFCs as transitional refrigerants will allow industry to phase out the production of CFCs and will offer environmental benefits over the continued ...
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23 The Ozone Hole and Global Warming
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/ozone-hole-and-global-warming
Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons—gases formerly found in aerosol spray cans and refrigerants—are released into ...
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24 Refrigeration and airconditioning - Consumers - DCCEEW
https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/ozone/rac/consumers
Many refrigerants damage our environment Did you know that the refrigerants contained in air-conditioners and refrigerators can be extremely ...
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25 Environment for Kids: Ozone Layer Depletion - Ducksters
https://www.ducksters.com/science/environment/ozone_layer.php
Unfortunately, CFCs can eventually find their way into the Earth's atmosphere and the ozone layer. Once they get there they destroy ozone molecules and ...
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26 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 - NOAA CSL
https://csl.noaa.gov/assessments/ozone/1998/faq9.html
These gases, such as the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are greenhouse gases, absorbing some of the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, thereby ...
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27 Ozone depletion facts and information - National Geographic
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/ozone-depletion
At the time, CFCs were commonly used in aerosol sprays and as coolants in many refrigerators. As they reach the stratosphere, the sun's UV rays ...
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28 Hypothesis that CFCs damage ozone layer
https://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/hypothesis-cfcs-damage-ozone-layer
Molina's and Rowland's research showed that CFCs could thin the stratospheric ozone layer, leading to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure and ...
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29 Ozone - TN.gov
https://www.tn.gov/health/cedep/environmental/environmental-health-topics/eht/ozone.html
How does depletion of “good” ozone affect human health and the environment? ... Ozone depletion can cause increased amounts of UV radiation to reach the Earth ...
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30 Energy and Global Warming Impacts of CFC Alternative ...
http://www.ciesin.org/docs/011-459/011-459.html
In addition to their role in ozone depletion, CFCs are among the "greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere that contribute to future global warming. Figure 1.1 ...
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31 Banning CFCs Helped Us Avoid an Even Worse Climate ...
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/banning-cfcs-helped-us-avoid-an-even-worse-climate-catastrophe
The researchers' model shows that if CFCs had continued to increase, UV damage to plants would have led to hundreds of billions of tons less ...
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32 Ozone depletion - Understanding Science
https://undsci.berkeley.edu/ozone-depletion-uncovering-the-hidden-hazard-of-hairspray/
It's hard to imagine that these everyday activities could be affecting the ... that CFCs had no effect on the environment, Rowland and Molina decided to ...
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33 The ozone hole - Discovering Antarctica
https://discoveringantarctica.org.uk/oceans-atmosphere-landscape/atmosphere-weather-and-climate/the-ozone-hole/
Despite the differences, there are also some links between the two problems. For example, in addition to causing ozone depletion, CFCs are also a greenhouse gas ...
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34 The ozone hole shrank, showing the world can solve ... - Vox
https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22686105/future-of-life-ozone-hole-environmental-crisis
But CFCs contributed to global warming as well: They were powerful greenhouse gases in their own right, and by destroying the ozone layer, they ...
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35 Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story
https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story
Although the use of halons and chlorofluorocarbons has been discontinued, they will remain in the atmosphere for many decades. Even if there ...
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36 What Effects do Chlorofluorocarbons Have on Humans?
https://www.omicsonline.org/pdfdownload.php?download=open-access-pdfs/what-effects-do-chlorofluorocarbons-have-on-humans.pdf&aid=119573
Environ Pollut Climate Change, an open access journal. Volume 6 • Issue 3 • 1000270 ... Inhalation of CFCs affects the central nervous system, according to.
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37 Ozone depleting substances - Ministry for the Environment
https://environment.govt.nz/acts-and-regulations/acts/ozone-layer-protection-act-1996/ozone-depleting-substances/
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used as refrigerants until the 1980s when it was confirmed that they were the main source of harm to ...
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38 Chlorofluorocarbon - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), ...
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39 1.1 The negative environmental impacts of refrigeration and ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmo22qF_msw
Richard Thornley
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40 Destruction of Ozone Depleting Substances
https://americancarbonregistry.org/resources/destruction-of-ozone-depleting-substances
Avoiding the release of heat trapping gases into the atmosphere is imperative to fight climate change. By volume, CFCs are far more powerful than CO2. Carbon ...
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41 How do chlorofluorocarbons affect Earth's ozone layer?
https://homework.study.com/explanation/how-do-chlorofluorocarbons-affect-earth-s-ozone-layer.html
Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, negatively affect the ozone layer by breaking apart ozone molecules. Ozone is a molecule made of three oxygen atoms...
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42 how the world rapidly sealed a deal to save the ozone layer
https://www.rapidtransition.org/stories/back-from-the-brink-how-the-world-rapidly-sealed-a-deal-to-save-the-ozone-layer/
In 1974 a group of scientists published their ozone depletion theory – which held that CFC chemicals once airborne travelled to the stratosphere ...
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43 A 1980s ban on CFCs to heal the ozone layer is also shaving ...
https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/19/world/cfcs-ozone-montreal-protocol-climate-study-intl-scn
They concluded the CFC ban had avoided a “scorched Earth,” in which the ozone layer breaks down by the late 2040s, putting humans at greater ...
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44 Hydrofluorocarbons saved the ozone layer but are warming ...
https://iee.psu.edu/news/blog/hydrofluorocarbons-saved-ozone-layer-are-warming-earth
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the consumption of HFC as a blowing agent in the building and construction insulation ...
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45 CFCs - Lord Grey Academy
https://www.lordgrey.org.uk/~f014/usefulresources/aric/Resources/Fact_Sheets/Key_Stage_4/Ozone_Depletion/05.html
Man-made CFCs are the main cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. CFCs have a lifetime of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom ...
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46 Ozone depletion | Facts, Effects, & Solutions | Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/science/ozone-depletion
They also noted that chlorine could destroy extensive amounts of ozone after it was liberated from CFCs by UV radiation. Free chlorine atoms and chlorine- ...
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47 Long Phased-Out Refrigeration and Insulation Chemicals Still ...
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/17032020/cfc-ozone-layer-short-lived-climate-pollutants/
New study concludes that “banked” CFCs have greenhouse gas impacts equal to all registered U.S. cars and slow the shrinking of the ozone hole.
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48 Stratospheric ozone, global warming, and the principle of ...
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10962247.2013.791349
Without rigorous science and international consensus, emissions of CFCs and related ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) could have destroyed up to two-thirds of ...
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49 Where are CFCs used? How do they affect our environment?
https://www.doubtnut.com/question-answer-biology/where-are-cfcs-used-how-do-they-affect-our-environment-647112163
› question-answer-biology › w...
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50 What do big, poofy hairstyles and the ozone layer have in ...
https://blogs.iadb.org/sostenibilidad/en/ozone-layer-day-safeguards/
But CFCs impacts are not limited to the ozone layer. They also have a greenhouse gas (GHG) effect—one that is even more potent than Carbon ...
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51 Ozone Layer Protection | Environmental Protection Department
https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/ozone_layer_protection/wn6_info_olp_ue_c.html
With more UV radiation reaching the earth surface due to ozone depletion, human health and the environment will be adversely affected.
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52 International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
https://www.un.org/en/observances/ozone-day
Halocarbons are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked to one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine).
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53 4 ways the ozone hole is linked to climate, and 1 way it isn't
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/4-ways-ozone-hole-linked-climate-and-1-way-it-isn%E2%80%99t
The chlorine comes from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, for short), which were widely used in early refrigeration and cooling systems. Under most ...
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54 Ozone Layer - Our World in Data
https://ourworldindata.org/ozone-layer
The emission of ozone-depleting gases impacted the earth's ozone layer – a layer that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
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55 How can the effects of CFCs be described? - Quora
https://www.quora.com/How-can-the-effects-of-CFCs-be-described
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) are said to be detrimental to the environment because they destroy the ozone layer. How does CFG interact with ozone molecules? Use ...
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56 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by Chlorofluorocarbons - JSTOR
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4313719
Nations Environment Programme make highly desirable a total phaseout by the year 2000 of CFC emissions to the atmo- sphere. Actions both by the affected in-.
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57 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a family of compounds ...
https://www.chem.uwec.edu/chem405_s01/gunderse/project.html
[1] The influence of CFCs has caused the chlorine catalyst to enter this natural process. When CFCs are exposed to the sun in the troposphere, the ultraviolet ...
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58 Ozone depletion: substances - Canada.ca
https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/air-pollution/issues/ozone-layer/depletion-impacts/substances.html
Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC s), carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been ...
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59 Ozone: The Good, the Bad, and the CFCs
https://www.calacademy.org/educators/ozone-the-good-the-bad-and-the-cfcs
In 1987, the Montreal Protocol banned the use of CFCs after is was discovered that the ozone layer over Antarctica had thinned to dangerous levels.
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60 Ultraviolet Waters | Ecosystems on the Edge
https://ecosystemsontheedge.org/ultraviolet-waters/
However, CFCs can linger in the atmosphere for a long time—anywhere from 55 to 140 years, depending on the substance. Many of them add to global warming, and ...
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61 Ozone depletion and CFCs - Diocese of London
https://www.london.anglican.org/kb/ozone-depletion-and-cfcs/
Ozone depletion and CFCs. Ozone; CFCs; The greenhouse effect; Low level pollution; To read more. This page introduces one aspect of the impacts ...
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62 ozone layer | National Geographic Society
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ozone-layer/
But the CFCs start eating away at the ozone layer once they get blown into the stratosphere. Ozone molecules, which are simply made of three ...
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63 ESS Topic 6.2: Stratospheric Ozone
https://www.mrgscience.com/ess-topic-62-stratospheric-ozone.html
To what extent have the solutions emerging form this topic been directed at preventing environmental impacts, limiting the extent of the environmental ...
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64 Whatever Happened to the Hole in the Ozone Layer?
https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/whatever-happened-to-the-hole-in-the-ozone-layer
The effects of CFCs might go beyond the ozone layer. CFCs are potent greenhouses gases and could have a broader impact on climate change ...
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65 ap® environmental science 2013 scoring guidelines
https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/apcentral/ap13_environmental_science_q3.pdf
AP® ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ... Low rates of eye damage (e.g., cataracts) ... (i) Explain the process by which CFCs lead to the destruction of stratospheric ...
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66 The Montreal Protocol - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
https://www.c2es.org/content/the-montreal-protocol/
Under the Protocol, nations phased out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – a class of compounds that were used mostly in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, foams and as ...
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67 Whatever Happened to… the Ozone Layer Hole? | OpenMind
https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/environment/whatever-happened-to-the-ozone-layer-hole/
CFCs are inert and long-lived, so they can remain in the atmosphere for decades. Rowland and Molina theorized that the breakdown of CFCs by ...
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68 Environmental regulations on chlorofluorocarbons
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00507976
An early reassessment of the Protocol provisions appears to be inevitable. Restrictions on CFCs will affect the refrigeration and air-conditioning ...
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69 Chapter 2 - D1. Greenhouse Gases: CFCs
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/mguidry/Unnamed_Site_2/Chapter%202/Chapter2D.html
Chlorofluorocarbons are far less abundant than carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but they are 10,000 times more powerful as a greenhouse gas and can remain in ...
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70 Destruction of the Ozone Layer - The Causes
https://ypte.org.uk/factsheets/ozone-layer/destruction-of-the-ozone-layer-the-causes
CFCs rise and gradually accumulate in the stratosphere where they are broken down by the sun's ultraviolet light, so releasing chlorine atoms. The chlorine ...
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71 The story behind the discovery of the ozone hole - UKRI
https://www.ukri.org/news-and-events/responding-to-climate-change/topical-stories/the-story-behind-the-discovery-of-the-ozone-hole/
The reasons for this are twofold. CFCs are potent greenhouse gases in their own right, and so would contribute directly to climate change. UV radiation also ...
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72 5.3 Environmental impacts of refrigerants - SWEP
https://www.swepusa.com/refrigerant-handbook/5.-refrigerants/sd5/
Due to their stability in the atmosphere, CFCs as well as HCFCs and HFCs are often very effective greenhouse gases. The GWP factor is used to reflect their ...
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73 How do chlorofluorocarbons (CFSs) enter the atmosphere and ...
https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/how-do-chlorofluorocarbons-cfss-enter-the-atmosphere-and-how-do-they-affect-humans-explain/
How do chlorofluorocarbons (CFSs) enter the atmosphere and how do they affect humans? Explain. · CFCs are widely used as coolants in refrigerators and air ...
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74 Impacts Of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion - Hydrology
https://www.climate-policy-watcher.org/hydrology/impacts-of-stratospheric-ozone-depletion.html
CFCs are used in refrigeration, air-conditioning systems, as foam blowing agents, for cleaning electronic components, and as solvents. Halons ...
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75 The Criteria Pollutants & a Closer Look at Ozone - NC DEQ
https://deq.nc.gov/media/21380/download
How do these problems affect human health? ... FOR EARTH/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ... build-up of molecules called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in.
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76 What can we learn from the Montreal Protocol? - Earth Day
https://www.earthday.org/what-can-we-learn-from-the-montreal-protocol/
As CFCs enter the atmosphere, the sun breaks down their structure, which releases chlorine atoms. According to the Environmental Protection ...
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77 Ozone and the Atmosphere Social Considerations
https://paos.colorado.edu/~fasullo/pjw_class/chem11.html
Sherwood Rowland, first discovered that man-made substances called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could play a major role in the destruction of stratospheric ozone.
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78 Environmental Impacts of Ozone Depletion due to CFCs ...
https://www.envpk.com/environmental-impacts-of-ozone-depletion-due-to-cfcs-chlorofluorocarbons/
Ozone depletion is defined as the thinning of the ozone layer due to chemical compounds such as CFCs released as a result of human activities.
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79 The Link to the Ozone Problem - Earthguide
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/climatechange2/10_2.shtml
These compounds have done much damage to the ozone layer. By 1994, the average total Antarctic ozone level was less than half what it was in the 1970s. By 1998, ...
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80 10.2 Ozone Depletion – Environmental Biology
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/envirobiology/chapter/10-2-ozone-depletion/
CFCs were used by industry as refrigerants, degreasing solvents, and propellants. In the lower atmosphere, CFC molecules are extremely stable chemically and do ...
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81 What would have happened to the ozone layer if ...
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/9/2113/2009/acp-9-2113-2009.pdf
CFCs on climate. They pointed out that because CFCs and other ODSs are also greenhouse gases, the ODSs would have added an additional 0.8–1.6 W m−2 of ...
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82 Saving ozone layer has given humans a chance in climate crisis
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/aug/19/saving-ozone-layer-has-given-humans-a-chance-in-climate-crisis-study
As well as depleting the ozone layer, CFCs are also powerful greenhouse gases. If their use had continued unchecked, by the end of the century ...
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83 Chlorofluorocarbon and Its Effects on the Ozone Layer - CORE
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234101300.pdf
one segment of the environment can indirectly affect many other seg- ... The CFC harms are serious because it affects.
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84 Skin cancer in Australia
https://climateandhealthalliance.org/resources/impacts/skin-cancer-in-australia/
Ozone depletion results in people being exposed to greater levels of skin damage. A study by van der Leun and colleagues shows that increasing temperature from ...
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85 In saving the ozone layer, we avoided even more intense ...
https://news.mongabay.com/2021/08/in-saving-the-ozone-layer-we-avoided-even-more-intense-global-warming/
The group of synthetic gases called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that deplete atmospheric ozone are also potent greenhouse gases, ...
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86 Fighting for a climate change treaty | Environment - Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2011/10/26/fighting-for-a-climate-change-treaty
The public and governments were being told that the impacts of a thinning ozone layer would not be seen for decades. Yet in order to prevent ...
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87 Case study: Ozone layer depletion and the Montréal Protocol
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/edu/power-pouvoir/ch5/casestudy-edudedecas/5214797-eng.htm
These are compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons, among others. In the past, these compounds were commonly used in ...
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88 China's Emissions of Ozone-Harming Gas Are Declining ...
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/climate/ozone-layer-china-cfcs.html
The findings ease concerns that increased emissions of the gas, CFC-11, would slow progress in the decades-long environmental struggle to ...
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89 Preventing Death from Excessive Exposure to ... - CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/89-109/default.html
Although skin absorption of CFC-113 is not a recognized route of exposure contributing to systemic toxicity or cardiovascular effects, repeated contact with the ...
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90 Someone, somewhere, is making a banned chemical that ...
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/05/16/someone-somewhere-is-making-a-banned-chemical-that-destroys-the-ozone-layer-scientists-suspect/
CFC-11, used primarily for foams, can last up to 50 years in the atmosphere once it is released. It is destroyed only in the stratosphere, some ...
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91 CFCs contribute only a fraction of global warming
https://skepticalscience.com/CFCs-global-warming.htm
CFCs contribute to global warming at a small level. Climate Myth... It's CFCs. "The observed ...
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92 Explainer: hydrofluorocarbons saved the ozone layer, so why ...
https://theconversation.com/explainer-hydrofluorocarbons-saved-the-ozone-layer-so-why-are-we-banning-them-86672
However, scientists soon discovered that CFCs had a major downside. Because they are so stable, they can survive in the atmosphere long enough ...
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93 Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology : a guidebook
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/pdf/Pub1238_web.pdf
a number of physical and chemical processes can affect the concentrations of environmental tracers in groundwater to varying extents. Application of.
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94 What would have happened if we'd carried on using CFCs?
https://www.sciencefocus.com/planet-earth/what-would-have-happened-if-wed-carried-on-using-cfcs/
› Planet Earth
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95 Ozone 08.doc - NeoOffice Writer
https://www.baraboo.k12.wi.us/newsfile14010_1.pdf
But over the past half-century, humans ... How Does "Bad" Ozone Affect Human Health and the. Environment? ... 27. How do CFC's destroy stratospheric ozone?
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96 How cleaning up coolants can cool the climate – why HFCs ...
https://source.colostate.edu/how-cleaning-up-coolants-can-cool-the-climate-why-hfcs-are-getting-phased-out-from-refrigerators-and-air-conditioners/
CFCs were destroying the ozone layer high in the Earth's atmosphere, which is essential for protecting life from the sun's harmful ultraviolet ...
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97 Proof that saving the ozone is world's biggest environmental ...
https://www.rfi.fr/en/environment/20190916-saving-ozone-layer-worlds-biggest-environmental-success-cfc-climate-change
In 1987, governments around the world agreed the Montreal Protocol, which compelled them to phase out harmful chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and ...
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