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1 What is Redlining? Definition, Legality, and Effects
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/redlining.asp
It can be seen in the systematic denial of mortgages, insurance, loans, and other financial services based on location (and that area's default history) rather ...
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2 What Is Redlining In Real Estate? - Forbes
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/mortgages/real-estate/what-is-redlining/
Redlining is a form of discrimination when a lender rejects a home loan in a certain neighborhood based on race or ethnicity.
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3 Justice Department Announces New Initiative to Combat ...
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-new-initiative-combat-redlining
The Justice Department announced the launch of the department's new Combatting Redlining Initiative today. Redlining is an illegal practice ...
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4 Redlining Isn't Just a Mortgage Loan Problem - Bank Director
https://www.bankdirector.com/committees/lending/redlining-isnt-just-a-mortgage-loan-problem/
Redlining Isn't Just a Mortgage Loan Problem ... Redlining, or the practice of denying credit to residents of certain areas due to the high number ...
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5 What Is Redlining? An Overview Of America's ... - Bankrate.com
https://www.bankrate.com/mortgages/what-is-redlining/
How does redlining affect real estate today? ... Redlining was official policy until the Fair Housing Act was passed in 1968. However, the current ...
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6 redlining | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/redlining
Redlining can be defined as a discriminatory practice that consists of the systematic denial of services such as mortgages, insurance loans, ...
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7 Redlining - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redlining
Redlining ; In the United States, redlining is a discriminatory ; Reverse redlining occurred when a lender ; In the 1960s, sociologist John McKnight originally ...
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8 What is redlining and is it still happening across the U.S.
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/redlining-what-is-history-mike-bloomberg-comments/
No. Federal law prohibit home lending discrimination, notably the 1968 Fair Housing Act and the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The first ...
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9 Modern-day redlining: Banks discriminate in lending
https://revealnews.org/article/for-people-of-color-banks-are-shutting-the-door-to-homeownership/
Back then, surveyors with the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation drew lines on maps and colored some neighborhoods red, deeming them “ ...
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10 What Is Redlining? - The Balance
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/definition-of-redlining-1798618
Redlining refers to the unethical and discriminatory practice banks and lenders use to deny access to credit and home loans to certain ...
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11 What Is Redlining? - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/realestate/what-is-redlining.html
The term has come to mean racial discrimination of any kind in housing, but it comes from government maps that outlined areas where Black ...
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12 HOLC “redlining” maps: The persistent structure of ...
https://ncrc.org/holc/
Eighty years ago, a federal agency, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), created “Residential Security” maps of major American cities.
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13 PDF - HUD
https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/80241c8-40FHEH.pdf
the same types of home loans because of the race, color, religion, sex, disability, ... "Redlining:" Lending Discrimination Based on the Racial.
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14 redlining | discrimination - Encyclopedia Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/topic/redlining
redlining, illegal discriminatory practice in which a mortgage lender denies loans or an insurance provider restricts services to certain areas of a ...
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15 What Is Redlining? - NerdWallet
https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/mortgages/what-is-redlining
Redlining is a term that describes the denial of mortgage financing to otherwise creditworthy borrowers because of their race or where they ...
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16 Redlining - 2021 - Question for the Museum - Jim Crow Museum
https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/question/2021/february.htm
After the signing of The Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as The Fair Housing Act, it became unlawful to refuse to rent, sell, or provide ...
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17 Modern-day redlining: How banks block people of color from ...
https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-modern-day-redlining-20180215-story.html
In the 1930s, surveyors with the federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation drew lines on maps and colored some neighborhoods red, deeming them " ...
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18 What Is 'Redlining'? - HISTORY
https://www.history.com/news/housing-segregation-new-deal-program
The assistance program not only limited recipients to white Americans, it established and then reinforced housing segregation in the United ...
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19 The Lasting Legacy Of Redlining | FiveThirtyEight
https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/redlining/
In 1939, officials working with the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) went to Cleveland, Ohio, as part of the agency's national effort to ...
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20 Black and Hispanic people are more likely to be denied ...
https://www.wbur.org/news/2022/03/30/home-loans-mortgages-boston-denials
A new WBUR analysis of mortgage lending in Boston from 2015-2020 found lenders denied mortgages to Black applicants at three times the rate ...
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21 US mortgage lender to pay $20m in redlining case - BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62327565
Banks and other lenders would draw on maps in red marker, singling out neighbourhoods where they wanted to avoid making loans. These were ...
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22 Redlining Violates the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit ...
https://nationalfairhousing.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Topic-2.pdf
The fair lending laws were designed to remedy credit discrimination, including redlining. The federal financial regulators have long recognized that redlining ...
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23 Mortgage Redlining: Race, Risk, and Demand - JSTOR
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2329136
of mortgage lenders are influenced by the race of the loan applicant or on the racial composition of his neighborhood. Redlining is the refusal of lenders ...
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24 Who Lends Beyond the Red Line?
https://penniur.upenn.edu/uploads/media/Park_Quercia.pdf
historically redlined neighborhoods. Keywords: housing finance, mortgage, redlining, Home Owners' Loan Corporation, Community Reinvestment. Act.
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25 Biden admin opens new front in fight against modern-day ...
https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-admin-opens-new-front-fight-against-modern-day-redlining-2022-08-08/
The proportion of mortgages originated by nonbank lenders has been rising steadily since 2013, reaching 77% of all reported mortgages in May ...
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26 Modern Redlining in Indianapolis? - SAVI.org
https://www.savi.org/2022/04/14/modern-redlining-in-indianapolis/
Redlined Neighborhoods? ... When home loan denials are examined geographically, some interesting trends emerge. Following the general class and ...
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27 The Fight Against Discrimination in Mortgage Lending
https://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2349&context=luclj
Because of the predominance of savings and loan associations in the home financing field, this note will focus primarily upon redlining as practiced by ...
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28 Redlining and the U.S. Home Mortgage Industry
https://equalizecapital.com/publication/redlining-and-the-us-home-mortgage-industry/
Redlining and other forms of housing discrimination were prohibited by the Fair Housing Act (FHAct), which is title VIII of the Civil Rights Act ...
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29 Toward a New Historical and Legal Interpretation of Redlining ...
https://repository.law.uic.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1584&context=lawreview
mortgage lending discrimination in the form of racial redlining ... the racially discriminatory policies of the Home Owners Loan. Corporation (HOLC) and the ...
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30 What is Redlining? - 2022 - Robinhood Learn
https://learn.robinhood.com/articles/153T4A82ERkSxuWuP4mHwO/what-is-redlining/
Redlining is when service providers (primarily mortgage lenders) refuse to offer certain government and financial services to individuals ...
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31 (PDF) The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Redlining, and ...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289907110_The_Federal_Home_Loan_Bank_Board_Redlining_and_the_National_Proliferation_of_Racial_Lending_Discrimination_1921-1950
Background The Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created in 1933 to provide government backing of troubled mortgages during the Great ...
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32 Redlining And Its Impact On Black America
https://laul.org/redlining-and-its-impact-on-black-america/
This policy, however, did not protect all mortgage loans. Instead of establishing a system based on the individual financial status of potential ...
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33 What Is Redlining? - Business Insider
https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/redlining
Though redlining is now illegal, housing discrimination still happens. When mortgage lenders today are accused of redlining, it's often because ...
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34 Redlining - Encyclopedia of Chicago
http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1050.html
While discriminatory practices existed in the banking and insurance industries well before the 1930s, the New Deal's Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) ...
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35 Federal Lending and Redlining – On The Line
https://www.publiconsulting.com/wordpress/ontheline/chapter/federal-lending-and-redlining/
The HOLC purchased and refinanced loans for homeowners who were in danger of bank foreclosure, due to their failure to keep up with existing mortgage payments ...
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36 Redlining was banned 50 years ago. It's still hurting minorities ...
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/03/28/redlining-was-banned-50-years-ago-its-still-hurting-minorities-today/
Racial discrimination in mortgage lending in the 1930s shaped the demographic and wealth patterns of American communities today, ...
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37 New Evidence on Redlining by Federal Housing Programs in ...
https://www.chicagofed.org/~/media/publications/working-papers/2022/wp2022-01-pdf.pdf
The federal government first entered the market for residential mortgages in the 1930s with two major programs, the Home Owners' Loan ...
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38 CFPB, DOJ Order Trident Mortgage Company to Pay More ...
https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-doj-order-trident-mortgage-company-to-pay-more-than-22-million-for-deliberate-discrimination-against-minority-families/
Today's action is part of a renewed effort by federal agencies to combat illegal redlining by mortgage lenders in violation of federal law. The ...
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39 Redlining: Definition, History, and Examples - MasterClass
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/redlining
Redlining was a package of discriminatory practices that excluded many Black Americans from federally assisted mortgage lending.
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40 Redlining · Racial Restriction and Housing Discrimination in ...
https://digitalchicagohistory.org/exhibits/show/restricted-chicago/other/redlining
As the FHA sought to improve the accuracy of its real-estate appraisal to enable its affiliate agency, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), ...
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41 Did redlining happen like we think it did? New research says ...
https://www.ideastream.org/news/did-redlining-happen-like-we-think-it-did-new-research-says-it-s-complicated
It is well-known that redlining, the historically discriminatory lending practice, has had a huge impact on home values in predominantly ...
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42 21-DAY EQUITY CHALLENGE | DAY 7: Housing & Redlining
https://www.unitedwaydm.org/equity-challenge-day-7
Roosevelt in an attempt to revive the mortgage lending system. To assess the risk of borrowers, entire neighborhoods were graded on property condition and ...
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43 Neighborhood Redlining, Racial Segregation, and ...
https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/page1-econ/2021/09/01/neighborhood-redlining-racial-segregation-and-homeownership
Redlining classified neighborhoods as risky investments if deemed the most likely to default on repayment of a mortgage loan. Houses in redlined ...
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44 Report on Inquiry into Redlining in Buffalo, New York February ...
https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2021/02/report_redlining_buffalo_ny_20210204_1.pdf
Redlining includes such illegal practices as refusing to do business in a neighborhood based on the racial or ethnic composition of a ...
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45 Redlining Didn't Happen Quite the Way We Thought It Did
https://www.governing.com/context/redlining-didnt-happen-quite-the-way-we-thought-it-did
In mainstream journalism, and political discourse, redlining is associated with the maps drawn up by the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) ...
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46 The Community Reinvestment Act Meant to Combat ...
https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/community-reinvestment-act-meant-combat-redlinings-effects-45-years-later-black
Redlining, persistent racial segregation, and systemic discrimination have locked this racial wealth gap into the housing market.
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47 A comment on Bank of America/Countrywide's discriminatory ...
https://www.epi.org/publication/bp335-boa-countrywide-discriminatory-lending/
Historically, discrimination in mortgage lending involved “redlining”—denying minority homebuyers loans to purchase homes in white ...
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48 New Evidence on Redlining by Federal Housing Programs in ...
https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w29244/w29244.pdf
The federal government first entered the market for residential mortgages in the 1930s with two major programs, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) in 1933 ...
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49 Redlining and the Home Owners' Loan Corporation
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0096144203029004002
about real estate risk levels. Keywords: redlining; discrimination; Home Owners'Loan Corporation; Federal Housing Administration;. Philadelphia.
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50 The legacy of structural racism: Associations between historic ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8099638/
In 1935, to develop a national mortgage lending market, which had previously been based entirely on local knowledge and relationships, the Federal Home Loan ...
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51 What Is Redlining? | Planetizen Planopedia
https://www.planetizen.com/definition/redlining
Redlining is the practice of restricting investment in areas deemed high-risk by banks. The term refers to the red color used to denote undesirable areas on ...
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52 Financial Institution Regulations, Redlining and Mortgage ...
https://www.bostonfed.org/-/media/Documents/conference/21/conf21e.pdf
(3) the need of the bank to hold a balanced real estate portfolio, with a reasonable distribution of loans in various neighborhoods, types of property, and loan ...
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53 Redlining: A black and white issue? - Illinois Periodicals Online
https://www.lib.niu.edu/1979/ii790704.html
The term originated from a mortgage lenders' practice of circling on a map whole areas, often zip code areas, with a red line. These redlined areas were ...
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54 Redlining Revisited - Wiley Online Library
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781444347456.ch7
subprime loans suggests that contemporary lending patterns may be repeat- ing the punitive mortgage redlining practices of past years that aided the.
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55 URBAN HOME IMPROVEMENT LOAN FLOWS AND THE ...
https://jrap.scholasticahq.com/article/8509.pdf
While the literature cited above deals with questions concerning the possibility of racial discrimination and redlining in the home mortgage loan market, none ...
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56 Justice Department reaches 'historic' redlining settlement with ...
https://www.inquirer.com/news/redlining-philadelphia-trident-mortgage-company-fox-roach-justice-department-20220727.html
Redlining, which draws its name from when banks used to use red markers on maps to identify neighborhoods deemed undesirable for mortgage ...
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57 Redlining - Engaging Columbus
https://engagingcolumbus.owu.edu/redlining/
“The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created in June 1933 by the US Congress. The purpose was to refinance mortgages in default to prevent ...
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58 Redlining, Disinvestment and the Role of Mutual Savings Banks
https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1618&context=ulj
ment as redlining in the "strict sense" of the word. The arbitrary criteria used by mortgage lenders to refuse loans may include not only the.
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59 How a Racist Home Loan Program Created a Climate Crisis
https://www.theregreview.org/2021/02/23/alford-racist-home-loan-program-created-climate-crisis/
Redlining began in 1933, when the federal government created the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) to stabilize and encourage ...
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60 Mortgage discrimination still happening in St. Louis metro
https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/investigations/mortgage-discrimination-still-happening-st-louis-metro/63-ffc2de0a-2680-4866-a983-f1dc609d5e78
From 2018 to 2020, less than 1% of First Mid Bank's home loans in the St. ... She said redlining has historically been a barrier for fair ...
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61 Bank accused of widespread redlining pays $13M settlement
https://chicagocrusader.com/bank-accused-of-widespread-redlining-pays-13m-settlement/
Redlining is an illegal and discriminatory practice in which lenders deny mortgages and credit services to applicants living in Black and ...
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62 FHA Mortgage Insurance Requirements Utilize Redlining
https://www.instantcashtime.com/timeline/1934-1968-FHA-Redlining/
The FHA also explicitly practiced a policy of “redlining” when determining which neighborhoods to approve mortgages in. Redlining is the practice of denying ...
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63 Racial and ethnic disparities in home loans_final
https://law.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Racial-ethnic-disparities-home-loans-Srivastata.pdf
Housing policies like redlining and ... Access to home loans is another example of a formally race-neutral process that continues to.
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64 DOJ, CFPB announce $24M redlining settlement with Trident ...
https://www.housingwire.com/articles/doj-cfpb-announce-24m-redlining-settlement-with-trident-mortgage/
The DOJ and the CFPB are taking the fight to non-bank mortgage lenders for redlining with a $24.4M settlement agreement with Trident ...
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65 Mortgage Redlining (Disinvestment): - HeinOnline
https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/udetmr54§ion=20
Redlining, the denial of mortgage loans in a particular geo- graphic area for home purchase, expansion, or remodeling, regard-.
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66 Redlining in Canada: Where Did it Come From? Does ... - KOHO
https://www.koho.ca/learn/redlining-in-canada/
Redlining is when banks deny mortgages to people based on group characteristics, notably their race. The practice comes from Franklin Roosevelt's Housing ...
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67 Redlining in Seattle - CityArchives
https://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/online-exhibits/redlining-in-seattle
Mortgage companies charged more for a loan and foreclosed up to eight times more often on FHA loans than banks or savings and loan institutions. Ratios of ...
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68 The Unintended Impacts of Anti-Redlining Legislation
https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=geosciences_facpub
Redlining is a form of geographic discrimination in lending. The term refers to the refusal to grant mortgage loans to otherwise qualified buyers for sound.
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69 Fair Lending Laws and Regulations - FDIC
https://www.fdic.gov/resources/supervision-and-examinations/consumer-compliance-examination-manual/documents/4/iv-1-1.pdf
to make home mortgages to Native Americans, but the law ... Redlining may violate both the FHAct and the ECOA. Disparate Impact.
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70 Statistical Evidence of Mortgage Redlining? A Cautionary Tale
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10835547.1996.12090814
Statistical analyses of mortgage redlining at the neighborhood level have fueled the debate over the existence of racial redlining in mortgage lending, ...
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71 Bank of America Starts No-Down-Payment Home Loans ... - BET
https://www.bet.com/article/5ho1dh/bank-of-america-starts-no-down-payment-home-loans-black-latino-communities
The mortgage industry has a long history of racial discrimination, including subprime lending and redlining, but the financial institution ...
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72 Class Action Lawsuit Accuses Wells Fargo of Racial Redlining ...
https://www.classaction.org/news/class-action-lawsuit-accuses-wells-fargo-of-racial-redlining-in-home-loan-application-process
“A white applicant seeking to refinance their home loan, who earned between $0 and $63,000 per year were more likely to have their home loan ...
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73 Wells Fargo Rejected Half Its Black Applicants in Mortgage ...
https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2022-wells-fargo-black-home-loan-refinancing/
Home Loan Refinance Gap ... JPMorgan Chase & Co., the largest U.S. bank by assets, accepted 81% of refinancing applications from Black homeowners ...
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74 New Evidence on Redlining by Federal Housing Programs in ...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119022000390#!
We show that the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), from its inception in the 1930s, did not insure mortgages in low income urban ...
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75 Reversing the Residual Effects of Redlining
https://www.nlc.org/article/2019/03/29/reversing-the-residual-effects-of-redlining/
... the 1930s, redlining describes how banks and government agencies discriminated by race in determinations for federally-backed mortgages.
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76 What is Redlining? | Chicago Author Linda Gartz - Linda Gartz
https://lindagartz.com/what-is-redlining/
The presence of one black entering a neighborhood could cause the entire community to be redlined–no housing loans available for anyone, black or white.
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77 How to root out discrimination in the mortgage industry
https://www.mpamag.com/us/mortgage-industry/business-growth/how-to-root-out-discrimination-in-the-mortgage-industry/421068
While some may view community redlining – the practice of actually circling in red ink low-income swaths of cities where lenders once were ...
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78 What is redlining? - Mansion Global
https://www.mansionglobal.com/library/redlining
Redlining” is a term for early- and mid-20th-century housing policies that denied mortgages to prospective homeowners based on race and ...
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79 What is Redlining? | San Leandro, CA
https://www.sanleandro.org/1088/What-is-Redlining
What is Redlining? · The maps were part of a government home loan manual that stated: "incompatible racial groups should not be permitted to live in the same ...
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80 Editorial: Million-dollar redlining settlement is just the beginning
https://www.phillytrib.com/commentary/editorials/editorial-million-dollar-redlining-settlement-is-just-the-beginning/article_9e2ba9ad-c6a5-5f12-b62c-1eb6606101ff.html
Redlining is an illegal practice used to deny equal access to home loans, often because of the racial characteristics of an applicant's ...
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81 Racial & Ethnic Disparities in Ohio Mortgage Lending
https://www.thehousingcenter.org/publications/research-and-reports/racial-ethnic-disparities-in-ohio-mortgage-lending/
The FHA was created in 1934 to insure private, amortized mortgages in order to increase home-ownership in the U.S. The FHA adopted HOLC's practice of redlining ...
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82 What Is Red-Lining? | Apartment Therapy
https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/red-lining-36762878
For hundreds of years, it was legal—and even encouraged—to prevent Black people from owning homes. Banks and mortgage lenders could, ...
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83 U 'redlining' report: banks still hurting non-white homebuyers
https://www.minnpost.com/community-sketchbook/2014/04/u-redlining-report-banks-still-hurting-non-white-homebuyers/
In fact, very high income blacks were 3.8 times more likely to receive subprime loans for home purchases than very low income whites, ...
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84 The Relationship of Historical Redlining with Present-Day ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11524-022-00665-z
Following the Great Depression and related home foreclosures, the federal government established new agencies to facilitate access to ...
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85 Redlining in Black America, a story of Home Ownership
https://aaregistry.org/story/redlining-in-non-white-america-a-brief-story/
In the 1960s, sociologist John McKnight coined the term "redlining" to describe the discriminatory practice of fencing off areas where banks would avoid ...
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86 Modern-Day Redlining Enforcement: A New Baseline | News ...
https://www.alston.com/en/insights/publications/2021/10/modern-day-redlining-enforcement-a-new-baseline
How are the CRA, HMDA, and ECOA being used to bring actions against mortgage lenders? · What kind of evidence are federal agencies gathering to ...
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87 New Redlining Maps Show Chicago Housing Discrimination
https://www.wbez.org/stories/new-redlining-maps-show-chicago-housing-discrimination/37c0dce7-0562-474a-8e1c-50948219ecbb
HOLC spent $3 billion rescuing defaulted mortgages after the Great Depression, but has since been criticized for institutional racism through ...
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88 I Walk the Line: Feds Vow to Aggressively Pursue Lenders ...
https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/feds-vow-to-aggressively-pursue-lenders-2263647/
Redlining is a form of discrimination under the fair-housing laws whereby lenders deny loans and services to people in certain areas based ...
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89 Predatory Lending: Redlining in Reverse - Shelterforce
https://shelterforce.org/2005/01/01/predatory-lending-redlining-in-reverse/
One cost of the sudden increase in subprime lending has been an increase in foreclosure rates. According to the Joint Center for Housing Studies ...
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90 Redlining in Philadelphia - Oberlin College and Conservatory
http://www.oberlin.edu/octet/HowTo/GIS/Tutorial/PastTime,PastPlaceCh6.pdf
that the Home Owners' Loan Corporation had caused redlining by sharing its maps with the Federal Housing Administration and private lenders who, in turn, ...
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91 The Persistence of Discrimination in Mortgage Lending
https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/w05-11.pdf
covenants in the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) guidelines to the redlining practices of private mortgage lenders and financial institutions, ...
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92 One of the largest redlining cases in history settled by the ...
https://www.miamitimesonline.com/business/one-of-the-largest-redlining-cases-in-history-settled-by-the-department-of-justice/article_720c8248-0dd3-11ed-8575-8f3525efd347.html
Redlining is a term used to describe when banks deliberately avoid making loans to non-white communities. Banks and the U.S. government used to ...
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93 Mapping Inequality
https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/
Mapping InequalityRedlining in New Deal America. Los Angeles · Chicago · Detroit · St. Louis · Pittsburgh · Kansas City · Milwaukee.
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94 Redlining (1937- ) • - Blackpast
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/redlining-1937/
Redlining refers to a discriminatory pattern of disinvestment and obstructive lending practices that act as an impediment to home ownership ...
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95 Opinion: Redlining Revisited - Maryland Matters
https://www.marylandmatters.org/2021/10/14/opinion-redlining-revisited/
Home Owners' Loan Corporation 1936 Philadelphia redlining map classifying some neighborhoods by estimated riskiness of mortgage loans. By Tom ...
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