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1 Italy vaults last 2012 funding hurdle - Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-italy-debt/italy-vaults-last-2012-funding-hurdle-idUKBRE8BC0F920121213
Rome, which has 2 trillion euros of public debt to refinance, shied away from selling longer-dated paper during the worst of the euro zone debt ...
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2 Ignazio Visco: The sovereign debt crisis and the outlook for Italy
https://www.bis.org/review/r120224b.pdf
In December, the Council also introduced three-year refinancing operations, announced an expansion of the range of assets eligible as collateral ...
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3 Italy: 2012 Article IV Consultation; IMF Country Report 12/167
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr12167.pdf
around 37 percent of public debt held by non-residents, Italy ... in 2012.9 Italian banks' use of Eurosystem refinancing stabilized at ...
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4 Full article: Italy's Sovereign Debt Crisis - Taylor and Francis
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00396338.2012.657545
The Friday after the summit, the Italian government went to the markets to refinance some of its obligations and almost came up short.
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5 Sustainability of Italy's Sovereign Debt | PIIE
https://www.piie.com/commentary/op-eds/sustainability-italys-sovereign-debt
In late 2011 as risk spreads on Italian government bonds surged to levels that had been associated with debt crises in Greece, Ireland, ...
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6 Euro Optimism Goes Flat and Here Comes 2012 - World
https://world.time.com/2011/12/29/yesterdays-gone-euro-optimism-goes-flat-and-here-comes-2012/
A huge chunk of the $330 billion Italy will need to refinance in 2012 will come due during the first quarter alone—a big reason why officials in ...
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7 The Origins of the Italian Sovereign Debt Crisis
https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1385&context=cmc_theses
2012. 15. Johnathan, "ECB Long Term Refinancing Operation (LTRO) in Focus," Schweitz Finance, 29 Feb.
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8 THE UGLY MATH BEHIND ITALY'S SOVEREIGN DEBT ...
https://www.pragcap.com/the-ugly-math-behind-italys-sovereign-debt-crisis/
Italy needs to refinance about 310b euros of debt in 2012. I estimate the average interest rate they are paying on this maturing debt is ...
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9 Analysis: Debt-Laden Italy Looks No Less Vulnerable as ...
https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2022-07-20/analysis-debt-laden-italy-looks-no-less-vulnerable-as-rates-shoot-higher
At 3.59%, Italy's 10-year borrowing costs have surged some 200 bps in 2022, roughly how much they soared in 2011. Investors say 4% is the level ...
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10 Strong Debt Sale in Italy Does Little to Lift Spirits
https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/14/business/global/italy-pulls-off-another-strong-debt-auction.html
On Friday, the Italian Treasury sold a total of about 4.8 billion euros ($6.1 billion) of debt, including 3 billion euros of three-year bonds ...
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11 Relevant Factors Influencing Public Debt Developments in Italy
https://www.mef.gov.it/inevidenza/documenti/Relevant_Factors_xENx.pdf
Italy's public finances improved in 2018, as the general government deficit ... Q4 2007 Q4 2008 Q4 2009 Q4 2010 Q4 2011 Q4 2012 Q4 2013 Q4 2014 Q4 2015 Q4 ...
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12 OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook for OECD Countries 2021
https://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/public-debt/Sovereign-Borrowing-Outlook-in-OECD-Countries-2021.pdf
higher rollover ratios and refinancing risk. The share of short-term instruments in central government marketable debt issuance in the OECD area,.
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13 Italy's Fiscal Crisis - Intereconomics
https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2011/number/6/article/italys-fiscal-crisis.html
Italy could simply shrink its debt-to-GDP ratio by refinancing its older debt at ... will materialise under the conditions of a potential recession in 2012.
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14 Europe's debt crisis: 'No clear end in sight' - Jan. 6, 2012
https://money.cnn.com/2012/01/06/markets/europe_debt_crisis/index.htm
Italy and Spain both need to issue hundreds of billions of euros worth of bonds to refinance existing debt and raise cash. Italy is expected to ...
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15 Why Italy Matters—Could Europe's Debt Wash Up On Our ...
https://www.thirdway.org/memo/why-italy-matters-could-europes-debt-wash-up-on-our-shores
In 2012, Italy will have to refinance €360 billion($500 billion) of maturing debt.5 If Italy cannot find any buyers when it rolls over this ...
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16 Why Italy cannot exit the euro - Brookings Institution
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/17/why-italy-cannot-exit-the-euro/
A debt-to-GDP level of 80% was considered consistent with the refinancing of public borrowing requirements through domestic investors only. It ...
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17 Growth uncertainty, European Central Bank intervention and ...
https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/growth-uncertainty-european-central-bank-intervention-and-italian-debt
One country on the edge is Italy. The Italian debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to increase to 170% of GDP by the end of 2020, ...
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18 Questioni di Economia e Finanza - Banca d'Italia
https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2013-0203/QEF_203.pdf
ON THE ITALIAN ECONOMY DURING THE SOVEREIGN DEBT CRISIS ... policies adopted by the ECB in 2011-2012 (SMP, 3-year LTROs and OMTs) by following a.
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19 Italian Mortgage Refinance - Studio Legale Metta
https://www.studiolegalemetta.com/en/italian-mortgage-refinance/
There are two ways to refinance an Italian mortgage: Renegotiate the existing mortgage terms with your current lender. Transfer the loan to a different ...
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20 The 2011 Crisis in Italy: A Story of Deep-Rooted (and Still ...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_10
Italy went through an economic and political crisis in 2011. The trigger was the Sovereign debt crisis that shook the Eurozone due to its ...
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21 Debt-laden Italy looks no less vulnerable as rates shoot higher
https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/analysis-debt-laden-italy-looks-114730266.html
At around seven years, the average life of Italian debt is lower than it was in 2010 and only marginally higher than in 2012 when the euro ...
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22 Is Italy Really Better Off Than Greece? - CNBC
https://www.cnbc.com/2012/02/13/is-italy-really-better-off-than-greece.html
On Monday, Italy's one-year debt costs fell again when it paid 2.23 percent to sell one-year debt at a 12 billion euro ($15.8 bn) short-term ...
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23 The ECB Needs a Bazooka to Close Bond Spreads
https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-06-14/the-ecb-needs-a-bazooka-to-close-italian-bond-spreads
Growth Versus Debts ... Moreover, about a third of existing Italian government bond debt worth more than 850 billion euros ($910 billion) falls ...
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24 Growth, reform and ECB support are crucial to Italian debt ...
https://www.ft.com/content/6b5d0a9d-0a36-4827-82c4-47a3ec650ead
Moreover, Italy has reduced refinancing risks by increasing its average debt maturity to 7.6 years — about the same as the eurozone average.
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25 Here's Who Gets Crushed If Italy Goes Bust - Business Insider
https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-default-contagion-bis-data-2011-12
The package is intended to help Italy brace for 2012, when it has to refinance €300 billion of its €1.9 trillion debt.
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26 Notebook on refinancing and restructuring - Clifford Chance
https://www.cliffordchance.com/content/dam/cliffordchance/briefings/2013/07/italy-perspective-autumnwinter-20122013-notebook-on-refinancing-and-restructuring.pdf
Italian restructuring and refinancing, from the first ... debt law will be sufficient to demonstrate such a connection. “A Scheme is simply a compromise ...
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27 European debt crisis contagion - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_debt_crisis_contagion
Affected countriesEdit · On 15 July and 14 September 2011, Italy's government passed austerity measures meant to save €124 billion · The measures include a pledge ...
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28 European Sovereign Debt Crisis: Eurozone Crisis Causes ...
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/european-sovereign-debt-crisis.asp
The debt crisis began in 2008 with the collapse of Iceland's banking system, then spread primarily to Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain in 2009, ...
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29 Italy: Testing the limits | Nordea Corporate
https://corporate.nordea.com/article/46293/italy-testing-the-limits
The government has some wiggle room on rates, as the average fixed coupon of Italian debt is around 3.05%, short of the 4.25% sustainability ...
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30 2. Revisiting sovereign refinancing risk in light of COVID-19 ...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/56bd8c78-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/56bd8c78-en
What if existing debt needs to be refinanced at considerably higher interest rates in the future or, ... 2000[1]) (Arellano and Ramanarayanan, 2012[2]).
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31 Ten years on, Italy faces debt crisis Draghi may not solve
https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/ten-years-on-italy-faces-debt-crisis-draghi-may-not-solve/
His words on July 26, 2012, reverberate to this day, keeping markets relatively calm on the expectation the ECB will once again put a lid on ...
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32 UPDATE 2-Italy's 10-yr debt costs climb towards 6 pct at key sale ...
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2012-04-27-sns-rt-italy-bondsauction-update-2l6e8fr1u2-20120427-story.html
Apr 26, 2012 at 12:00 am ... now rates Spanish and Italian debt at same level, with a ... Rome must repay or refinance another 100 billion euros of. debt ...
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33 Interest payments (% of revenue) - Italy - World Bank Data
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS?locations=IT
› GC.XPN.INTP.RV.ZS
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34 Debt Contagion in Europe: A Panel-Vector Autoregressive ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/2/4/318/htm
The crisis soon affected other Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries, notably Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy. Are the refinancing problems of ...
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35 8 - Sovereign debts, political structure, and institutional ...
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/questioning-credible-commitment/sovereign-debts-political-structure-and-institutional-commitments-in-italy-13501700/75FD42A89DC894EA6847A8BA55F741AC
Renaissance and Baroque Italy offer an excellent field to verify the model linking ... This chapter deals with the government debt of Genoa, Florence, ...
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36 Debt sustainability analysis for euro area sovereigns
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbop185.en.pdf
financing needs and a composite index of the ease of refinancing. The medium to longer-run risks include four categories of indicators: the public debt ...
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37 Italian Debt Catches the ECB's Eye | MarketMinder
https://www.fisherinvestments.com/en-us/marketminder/italian-debt-catches-the-ecbs-eye
But there is more than meets the eye here: Even at today's higher rates, Italy is refinancing much of its maturing debt at a discount. Tongues ...
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38 Acquisition financing structures and restrictions in Italy
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d8dc3fc0-d087-4440-8c48-1196c31ff1a9
21 of 11 May 2012), grants the Italian government veto and other powers ... and that is used to refinance existing debt may benefit from an ...
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39 ECB unconventional monetary policy and the Italian economy ...
https://www.ijcb.org/journal/ijcb16q2a6.htm
... monetary policy and the Italian economy during the sovereign debt crisis ... the three-year longer-term refinancing operations, and the Outright ...
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40 Page 76 — Marquette Associates
https://www.marquetteassociates.com/page/76/?id=346
Our first Chart of the Week for 2012 covered the ISM Manufacturing Index, ... Italy has a substantial portion of debt maturing in the next few months (table ...
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41 How Higher Interest Rates Could Push Washington Toward a ...
https://www.manhattan-institute.org/riedl-higher-interests-push-washington-toward-federal-debt-crisis
Greece and Italy are the only other OECD countries with a total government debt exceeding that of the United States. [52] Greece has already ...
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42 The eurozone (debt) crisis – causes and crisis response
https://economics.rabobank.com/publications/2015/december/the-eurozone-debt-crisis--causes-and-crisis-response/
Italy never requested a support programme, but implemented austerity measures to comfort financial markets and to live up to Europe's budget ...
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43 The scramble To refinance european debT refinancing 2011:
http://www.debtwire.com/pdf/DW_European_Refinancing.pdf
low interest costs and wide lending syndicates face substantial debt maturities from 2012. For many issuers, 2011 is the year to kick-start refinancing ...
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44 Italy Bond Auction Fails to Match Spain Success - Mosler Economics ...
http://moslereconomics.com/2012/01/13/italy-bond-auction-fails-to-match-spain-success/
Jan 25 (Reuters) — Italy's three-year debt costs fell below 5 percent but ... reflecting the heavy refinancing load Rome faces over the next three months.
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45 Italy's Debt Crisis Puts the European Union at a Crossroads
https://fee.org/articles/italy-s-debt-crisis-puts-the-european-union-at-a-crossroads/
The Italian banks are already financially weak, scuffling with refinancing their bond issues and huge debts. This has drastically reduced ...
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46 The Fate Of The Euro Hinges On Italy. Italy's Looking Iffy.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/beltway/2012/06/29/the-fate-of-the-euro-hinges-on-italy-italys-looking-iffy/
By Edward I. Altman, Max L. Heine Professor of Finance, NYU Stern School of Business, Director of Debt and Credit Markets, ...
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47 The untold story of America's debt - Deloitte
https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/the-untold-story-of-americas-debt/DUP121_DEBT.pdf
In 2012, due to action taken by. NEW DEBT WAS ... In 2009, refinanced debt outpaced new issuances 5 to 1. ... interest rate, 1.2 percent more of Italy's GDP.
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48 Italy's Debt Woes Roil World Markets | WSIU
https://www.wsiu.org/2011-11-09/italys-debt-woes-roil-world-markets
Even with a government shakeup, markets are still worried that Italy is headed ... to continue borrowing at those high rates to refinance its maturing debt?
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49 The Pain in Spain: Light at the End of the Tunnel? - Real Instituto ...
https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/powell-steinberg-pain-spain-crisis-europe-2012.pdf
to refinance their debts. ... 1 See Cline, W. (2012): Sovereign Debt Sustainability in Italy and Spain: A Probabilistic Approach. Peterson.
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50 Eurozone crisis: Markets shrug off threat of Italy downgrade
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jan/10/debt-crisis
The financial markets clearly agree -- with the yield on 10-year Italian debt hovering around 7.17% today. Although Italy's current deficit is ...
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51 What The South Carolina Primary And Italy Could Mean For Your ...
https://seekingalpha.com/article/320999-what-the-south-carolina-primary-and-italy-could-mean-for-your-money
But the analogy applies across sovereign borders. ... Give them a chance to achieve such. ... rate to refinance their debt. Wouldn't You? ... ago, as far as 'bailing ...
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52 Italy's policies lead to economic ruin | Columbia Basin Herald
https://columbiabasinherald.com/news/2012/may/04/italys-policies-lead-to-economic-ruin-2/
The country will default this year unless it can refinance $428 billion in loans ... Unless Monti succeeds in reining in Italy's debt, that nation will be ...
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53 The refinancing of the Italian debt 2018-2019
https://en.upbilancio.it/the-refinancing-of-the-italian-debt-2018-2019/
The lengthening of debt maturities is a historical objective of the Treasury. The ATM was 3.3 years in 1993, increased to 5.8 in 2000 and 7.1 in ...
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54 Archmore Emerald Italy S.r.l.'s Debt Refinancing
https://globallegalchronicle.com/archmore-emerald-italy-s-r-l-s-debt-refinancing/
Archmore Emerald Italy S.r.l.'s Debt Refinancing ... Ashurst advised the lending banks, while Agnoli and Giuggioli and Gianni & Origoni advised ...
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55 Dubai Debt Pile in 2012 - TheStreet
https://www.thestreet.com/economonitor/asia/dubai-debt-pile-in-2012
The year 2012 will be a crucial year for Dubai Inc. as a number of ... (vii) a challenging bond refinancing cycle in 2011 and 2012.
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56 Italy's debt-to-GDP ratio is the second-highest in the euro zone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezw-x4MxZ2M
CNBC International TV
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57 report - INRBonds
https://inrbonds.com/reports/Knowledge/Blogs/5fbf7f3f2ba9e1524882720d
Italy has a debt of Euro two trillion with debt to GDP ratio at 114%. ... LTRO (Long Term Refinancing Operations) in December 2011 and February 2012 where ...
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58 Talk of 'Italy next for bailout' draws angry rebuke - Irish Examiner
https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20197170.html
Raising the stakes in Europe's debt crisis, Austria's finance minister said ... “It may be that, given the high rates Italy pays to refinance on markets, ...
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59 Section A. Refinance Transaction Overview Overview - HUD
https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/4155-1_3_SECA.PDF
refinance authorization numbers for FHA-to-FHA refinances ... refinance transaction is used to pay off an existing real estate debt with the.
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60 2012-2015 Strategy Conference Call Transcript 13 March 2012
https://www.snam.it/export/sites/snam-rp/repository/file/investor_relations/presentazioni/2012/2012-2015_Strategy_Targets_transcript.pdf
that Europe's net debt [import] around 65% of the total demand in 2010 or a ... Moving to the refinancing on last January 24th, the Italian government ...
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61 The Board of Directors of Tiscali SpA approves the ... - Borsa Italiana
https://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsa/notizie/price-sensitive/download/44438.html
is expecting to further refinance the debt facility with a EUR 400 million bond ... o Italy: EUR 417 million revenues in 2008 and EUR 850 million in 2012.
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62 Can the ECB Solve Italy's Financial Fragmentation Problem?
https://www.barrons.com/articles/italy-european-central-bank-inflation-economy-51657300924
However, over the next year Italy will probably have to refinance maturing debt and roll over short-term paper together equivalent to about ...
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63 Global Economic Conditions Charts - Dallas Fed
https://www.dallasfed.org/-/media/Documents/research/international/global.pdf
General Government Gross Debt in Major Advanced ... 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 ...
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64 Does Italy Threaten a New European Debt Crisis?
https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/does-italy-threaten-new-european-debt-crisis
Italy's populist government has relished defying the European Union, ... in 2010–2012, Italy's debt payments could spiral out of control.
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65 Financial News London: Financial and Business News
https://www.fnlondon.com/

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66 italy debt interest rate - Tow A Skip
https://towaskip.co.uk/corvette/italy-debt-interest-rate
Taxes on personal income in Italy 2012-2019; Personal income tax rate in ... euros - but the problem is refinancing risks as debt comes due.
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67 Bloomberg News Wire
https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/bloomberg-news-wire
Vladimir Makei, Belarus foreign minister since 2012 and a former chief of staff to President Alexander Lukashenko, died suddenly at the age of 64.
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68 Explained: Manchester United, the Glazers and ... - The Athletic
https://theathletic.com/3522343/2022/08/20/glazers-ratcliffe-apollo-united/
The debt was divided between the club and Red Football, ... The Glazers did refinance via a £500million bond issue and then by floating the ...
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69 [ Episode #39 // Debunking Economics ] - Extraenvironmentalist
https://xenetwork.org/xe/episodes/episode-39-debunking-economics/
Apr 22 2012 ... stability through policies of refinancing and quantitative easing. ... In the second half, we talk about modern debt jubilees and retooling ...
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70 How Contracts for Deed Put Families at Financial Risk
https://www.propublica.org/article/how-contracts-for-deed-put-families-at-financial-risk
Since 2012, the number of contracts in Minnesota's 11 most populous ... not require sellers to verify buyers' ability to repay their debts.
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71 Italy to issue EUR 440 bln in debt in 2012 - Forexlive
https://www.forexlive.com/news/!/italy-to-issue-eur-440-bln-in-debt-in-2012-20111116
What could possibly go wrong? Italy's debt has an average maturity of seven years. The coupon on the present 7-year BTP is 4.5%.
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72 Italy's debt problem sheds light on profligacy in the EU
https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/italys-debt/
Although the revised level is higher than one would want, it is no foretaste of financial disaster, even considering Italy's high public debt ( ...
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73 Populism, Political Risk, and the Economy: Lessons from Italy
https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/bc1/schools/mcas/economics/pdf/working-papers/wp989.pdf
This has contributed to preventing Italian spreads from reaching the levels observed in 2011-2012 during the sovereign debt crisis.
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74 Britannica Book of the Year 2012 - Page 416 - Google Books Result
https://books.google.com/books?id=EeqbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA416&lpg=PA416&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=ETeg7kGXIG&sig=ACfU3U0EaGif2IjTRWQ_D-y7DsLVpIn5-A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiBAhAD
focus, revealing a landscape of fearful investors worried about Italy's chances of refinancing more than $530 billion in public debt owed in 2012.
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75 The Incomplete Currency: The Future of the Euro and ...
https://books.google.com/books?id=yHtXCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=UqOXoJKDTJ&sig=ACfU3U2VnyjeWR66tbARZAWNgShitS-UEg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQj3ARAD
This amount, equal to more than 30% of the Italian government debt, ... Italian banks were therefore increasingly involved in the refinancing of government ...
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76 Capital and Ideology - Page 905 - Google Books Result
https://books.google.com/books?id=7ybMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA905&lpg=PA905&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=zfXJF87fId&sig=ACfU3U1adwU9lVfi5n96zMSC4A4bBvevnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQj6ARAD
maintaining nineteen separate public debts and nineteen different ... same basket as Italy's debt (132 percent of GDP) and then to ask German and Italian ...
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77 The Euro Trap: On Bursting Bubbles, Budgets, and Beliefs
https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGPYAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226&lpg=PA226&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=2_6ghUJtHA&sig=ACfU3U1flVbEy4JW28dG2j7bjOpgSlMGTw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiFAhAD
The fact that Italy had long managed with public debt exceeding 100% of GDP and ... fuelled by capital flight and the granting of fresh refinancing credit, ...
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78 Citizens Without a City: Destruction and Despair After the ...
https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd9KEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=Uh5GWiWtyY&sig=ACfU3U1Rn5Xn07lcXuSvw8t7xrN_5Bsw_w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiSAhAD
The country was struggling to refinance its liabilities and paid high interest rates on its debt. Italy's newspapers reported daily the so-called “spread” ...
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79 OECD Multi-level Governance Studies Multi-level Governance ...
https://books.google.com/books?id=lu7gDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=wMeGj3imjG&sig=ACfU3U2FOVGHwcKnMSoLI_rEGN41Os2H4Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiUAhAD
This audit led to the adoption of several measures in 2012 and 2014 but ultimately ... debt refinancing) – this is the case in, for instance, France, Italy, ...
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80 Why Not Default?: The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt
https://books.google.com/books?id=WzV8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=Ty-zuTqv-m&sig=ACfU3U1IXY0anBr9u9JUZEwl0su_rUCINg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiTAhAD
46 As the negotiations for a second bailout got underway in 2011–2012, ... which depended on domestic banks to refinance its internal debt and keep credit ...
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81 Politics in Europe - Page 430 - Google Books Result
https://books.google.com/books?id=uGNaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA430&lpg=PA430&dq=italy+debt+refinance+2012&source=bl&ots=ngdClL5U1n&sig=ACfU3U2TODmUtRiD7ywNqp-46CJ85i_8xg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt3_Lb9sz7AhU-RmwGHZStC38Q6AF6BQiGAhAD
the best performance of the Italian economy in a decade. ... latter part of 2011 and the whole of 2012 was in large part due to the “sovereign debt crisis.
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