❤️ Transfusion Reaction Checklist

Google Keyword Rankings for : transfusion reaction checklist

1 TRANSFUSION CHECKLIST
https://transfusionontario.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Transfusion-Checklist-Poster-June-2021-ver-1.0-1.pdf
Label tube of blood at patient's bedside. ✓ Prepare the Patient. • Educate: symptoms indicative of reaction. • Assess for transfusion history and TACO risk.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

2 Blood Transfusion Checklist | Adult - UI Health Care
https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/ncec/ned/n0156/Blood-Transfusion-Checklist-Adult.pdf
Ensure your patients meets the guidelines for a Blood Transfusion [BA.G.3]. Pre-Transfusion: ... Repeat vitals after 15 minutes and document no reaction.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

3 blood transfusion checklist: Fill out & sign online - DocHub
https://www.dochub.com/fillable-form/113114-blood-transfusion-checklist
Edit, sign, and share blood transfusion checklist online. No need to install software, just go to DocHub, and sign up instantly and for free.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

4 SCHHS Guide to Blood Transfusion Documentation and ...
https://www.blood.gov.au/system/files/documents/checklist-blood-transfusion-september-2014-wo-compatibility.pdf
SCHHS BLOOD PRODUCT TRANSFUSION CHECKLIST ... Refer to Transfusion Reaction Chart and SCHHS Blood Product Administration Procedure.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

5 8.11 Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/clinicalproceduresforsaferpatientcaretrubscn/chapter/8-11-transfusion-of-blood-and-blood-products/
1. Verify prescribers' order and pre-transfusion preparation. Checklist 75 is complete. Reduces risk to patient. Promotes safety. 2. Obtain blood ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

6 TRANSFUSION CHECKLIST - Lecturio
https://cdn.lecturio.com/assets/Nursing_CS_Pre-Blood-Transfusion-Checklist.pdf
Educate the client about blood administration and signs of a transfusion reaction. 10. Raise the bed to an appropriate level. 11. Obtain baseline vitals. 12.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

7 Transfusion Reaction Evaluation
https://www.childrensmn.org/references/lab/transfusionsvc/transfusion-reaction-evaluation.pdf
Transfusion Complication Workup; Hemolytic reaction. CPT Codes: Dependent on testing involved. Refer to individual serologic procedures. Test Includes:.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

8 Documenting a blood transfusion : Nursing2022 - Lippincott
https://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2005/01000/documenting_a_blood_transfusion.21.aspx
Before administering the transfusion, document that you matched the label on the blood bag to the patient's name, patient's medical record number, patient's ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

9 Transfusion reactions - Knowledge @ AMBOSS
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Transfusion_reactions/
Transfusion reactions · Suspect an acute transfusion reaction in any patient who develops a change in vital signs (e.g., fever, hypotension) or ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

10 Blood Transfusion WEST COAST UNIVERSITY Student:
http://www.westand4health.com/blackboard/video_resources/Blood_Transfusion_Checklist_2020.pdf
Explain the procedure and educate the patient about the rationale and associated adverse reactions. Ensure informed consent is signed. Pre-transfusion.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

11 TRANSFUSION CHECKLIST - WSLHD
https://www.wslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/1588/Transfusion%20Checklist.pdf.aspx
The disclaimer found at transfusion.com.au applies to this table. transfusion.com.au. @TransfusEd. TRANSFUSION CHECKLIST. Blood products required.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

12 Blood transfusion checklist sania - SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net/anjalatchi/blood-transfusion-checklist-sania
Pathology ADR Transfusion Reaction Form 2.(Indian Red Cross Blood Service) Transfusion Reacting form. 26. Mild reactions:(temperature rise of38" ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

13 4: Safe transfusion – right blood, right patient, right time and ...
https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/transfusion-handbook/4-safe-transfusion-right-blood-right-patient-right-time-and-right-place
Transfusions can result in reactions in recipients and errors along any of the ... a transfusion checklist can be found here: https://www.shotuk.org/wp-.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

14 Blood Transfusion Bedside Checklist - NET
https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/14643/2905043-nhsbt-lanyard-card-v02.pdf
Blood Transfusion Bedside Checklist. Before each unit of blood is transfused, ensure you: ... Symptoms/Signs of an Acute Transfusion Reaction.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

15 Step-by-Step Guide to Blood Transfusions - Unitek College
https://www.unitekcollege.edu/blog/a-step-by-step-guide-to-blood-transfusion/
Blood Transfusion Steps · Find current type and crossmatch. Take a blood sample, which will last up to 72 hours · Obtain informed consent and ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

16 Blood Transfusions/Blood Components
https://www.gbmc.org/workfiles/nursing/blood_transfusion_slp.doc
Should your patient have an adverse reaction to the administration of a blood product, you will need to follow the procedure for transfusion reaction ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

17 Blood administration | Professional Education
https://professionaleducation.blood.ca/en/transfusion/clinical-guide/blood-administration
Observe the patient for signs and symptoms of reaction (hives, itchiness, feeling feverish or chills, difficulty breathing, pain, or any other ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

18 Skill - AWS
https://prd-medweb-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/vmcpathology/files/Blood%20Administration%20checklist%202013.rtf
... and educate patient about transfusion reaction symptoms to report to nurse. 4. Type and Screen is required for any red blood cell, whole blood product, ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

19 Master Transfusion Medicine Checklist
https://pathology.jhu.edu/campus/CAP-Checklist/Transfusion-Medicine-2021.pdf
and use of the checklists by CAP inspectors in conducting laboratory ... transfusion, compatibility, transfusion reaction work-ups), ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

20 Checklist for Limited Transfusion Agreement
https://www.wadsworth.org/sites/default/files/WebDoc/1870370432/DOH-5047%20Limited%20Transfusion%20Checklist.pdf
is able to communicate and give informed consent, and does not have a history of hemolytic or anaphylactic reactions). ⃞ Blood specimens for pretransfusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

21 Use of a Checklist to Facilitate the Recognition of a ...
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2585&context=dissertations_2
transfusion associated circulatory overload) while other events (e.g., allergic reactions) cannot always be anticipated. The severity of a TAAE can range ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

22 Blood Component Prescribing Checklist
https://transfusion.com.au/system/files/resource_library/02%20TOP%20Blood%20Component%20Prescribing%20Checklist.pdf
Monitor for signs of transfusion reactions. If suspected transfusion reaction occurs: □ Stop the transfusion. □ Activate emergency procedures if required. □ ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

23 Use of a Transfusion Checklist by Student Nurses to Improve ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31804235/
Better education around the recognition of transfusion-associated adverse events is warranted. It is unknown if checklist use improves recognition by ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

24 Guidelines For Monitoring Transfusion Recipients and ...
http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/nurse/nurse-transfusionguidelines.htm
The Transfusion Reaction Response Guide lists signs and symptoms suggestive of a transfusion reaction and lists actions that should be taken in ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

25 Skills Modules 2.0 Checklist for Blood Administration
https://fresnostate.instructure.com/courses/1396/files/72161/download?download_frd=1
Set pump to deliver blood at no more than 2 mL per min for 15 min. Monitor patient for adverse reactions. Measure vital signs after 15 min. Increase infusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

26 8.7 Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products
https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/clinicalskills/chapter/blood-and-blood-product-administration/
Checklist 73: Managing a Blood or Blood Product Transfusion Reaction. Disclaimer: Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

27 Guidelines for the administration of blood products 2nd Edition
https://www.ammtac.org/docs/articulos/GUIA%20AUSTRALIANA%20DE%20TRANSFUSION.pdf
6.13 Checklist for medical/clinical record documentation of transfusion . ... Section 8 Management Of Transfusion Reactions And Other Transfusion-Related ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

28 Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) - UpToDate
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transfusion-associated-circulatory-overload-taco
Reactions to blood component transfusion can range from mild to potentially fatal. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

29 Transfusion Reactions: Monitoring – an Overview - EBSCO
https://www.ebscohost.com/assets-sample-content/NRC__Monitoring_Transfusion_Reactions_SCL.pdf
CHECKLIST. Transfusion Reactions: ... Understanding that transfusion reactions can be acute or ... •acute hemolytic reaction (also called acute hemolysis).
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

30 Transfusion Reactions - UC Davis Health
https://health.ucdavis.edu/pathology/services/clinical/clinical_pathology/transfusion/xiii-12(7).pdf
To define a suspected transfusion reaction and the procedures for detection ... The Transfusion Services personnel will use the checklist (See Example 1) to ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

31 Blood Component/Product Administration Competency Checklist
https://policy.nshealth.ca/Site_Published/nsha/document_render.aspx?documentRender.IdType=5&documentRender.GenericField=&documentRender.Id=92808
Has reviewed blood administration policy and can verbalize indication for transfusion, as well as administration and reaction procedures.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

32 Blood Transfusion - OSCE Guide | Prescribe & Administer
https://geekymedics.com/blood-transfusion-osce-guide/
Download the blood transfusion PDF OSCE checklist, or use our interactive ... Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction (ABO incompatibility) ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

33 Blood Transfusion - THE NURSE AGENCY
http://www.thenurseagency.com/uploads/1/1/2/0/112045729/blood_scanning_training_rev_4-24-18.pdf
Process for completing a Transfusion Reaction. ... Hold: Hold transfusion for reaction to ... After you complete scanning the Transfusion Checklist.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

34 Blood Transfusion Reactions - Ausmed
https://www.ausmed.com/cpd/articles/blood-transfusion-reactions
Contents · Acute Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction · Febrile Reactions · Allergic Reactions · Transfusion-Transmitted Infection · Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

35 New requirement, updates in transfusion checklist - CAP Today
https://www.captodayonline.com/new-requirement-updates-transfusion-checklist/?print=pdf
edition of the CAP transfusion medicine checklist has undergone a significant ... incidence of transfusion reactions and monitor the rate of transfusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

36 Blood-Transfusion-Guideline.pdf
https://www.health.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Blood-Transfusion-Guideline.pdf
15 Transfusion Reactions were reported to the Lautoka Hospital Pathology ... Copies of the Pre-Transfusion Checklist are kept in all wards and theatres.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

37 Nursing Skill Check: Blood Transfusion - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SX_bbPvbKMM
West Coast University
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

38 Blood Transfusion | NCLEX - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LorElYZjVE0
Nov 18, 2021
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

39 Transfusion of Blood and Blood Products
https://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/bismarcknursing/advanced/skill/Y003.html
Preparation. When a transfusion is initiated, observe or assess the patient for the following: Fever with or without chills; Tachycardia and/or tachypnea and ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

40 bloodservices-pdf-transfusion-administration-blood-products.pdf
https://www.gov.nl.ca/hcs/files/bloodservices-pdf-transfusion-administration-blood-products.pdf
Recognition and treatment of transfusion reactions and/or transfusion ... Initiate the Transfusion Checklist (see Appendix). 2. Verify :.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

41 An order set and checklist improve physician transfusion ...
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tme.12284
A checklist and order set are tools that can improve the quality of transfusion orders by increasing the judicious use of pre-transfusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

42 N.J.A.C. 8:8-1 et seq. - NJ.gov
https://www.nj.gov/health/phel/documents/bb_inspection_checklist.pdf
COLLECTION, PROCESSING, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD. BLOOD BANK INSPECTION CHECKLIST. REGULATIONS ... transfusion reaction reported by telephone.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

43 IHOP - Transfusion of Blood Components, Adults and Pediatrics
https://www.utmb.edu/policies_and_procedures/17388086
symptoms of transfusion reactions and complications for the first 15 minutes and re- ... Inpatient Transfusion Checklist.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

44 Prescribing and clinical use of blood and blood products
https://www.health.vic.gov.au/patient-care/prescribing-and-clinical-use-of-blood-and-blood-demo
The examples of charts, checklists and forms relating to the ... Eastern Health - Acute transfusion reaction flow chart - (7.7 and 7.8) - a ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

45 Transfusion Medicine Manual - ePOPS
http://policyandorders.cw.bc.ca/transfusion-medicine
Acute · Allergic - Anaphylactic · Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction · Bacterial Contamination · Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload & Transfusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

46 Blood and Blood Products: NCLEX-RN
https://www.registerednursing.org/nclex/blood-products/
Allergic reactions to a blood transfusion can range from mild to severe. A mild allergic reaction typically occurs as the result of an allergy to the plasma ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

47 Transfusion reactions and cognitive aids - Proqualis
https://proqualis.net/sites/proqualis.net/files/Transfusion%20reactions%20and%20cognitive%20aids.pdf
This checklist could be used from the beginning of the event starting in the STABILIZE PATIENT block and going down, or the physician could go ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

48 Transfusion and patient blood management resources
https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/clinical+programs+and+practice+guidelines/blood+organ+and+tissue/blood+management/transfusion+and+patient+blood+management+resources
For transfusion reaction management resources, please refer to your intranet for ... Bedside transfusion checklist (includes new pack label) (PDF 367KB) ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

49 Safe Blood Administration for Nurses - RN.com
https://www.rn.com/clinical-insights/safe-blood-administration/
There are a variety of signs and symptoms of blood transfusion reaction for both hemolytic and non-hemolytic reactions. Pain, anxiety, hematuria, fever, ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

50 Transfusion Nursing - Best Blood Manitoba
https://bestbloodmanitoba.ca/for-clinicians/transfusion-nursing/
7. Transfusion Reaction – Identification, Management, and Reporting ... Return Demonstration Blood Administration Checklist. Appendices.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

51 Massachusetts General Hospital
https://www.mghpcs.org/EED/RR/Assets/documents/RR/checklists/Pain-Blood_Checklist.pdf
EED Regulatory Readiness Checklist (Inpatient Units). Pain & Blood Administration ... If transfusion reaction, stop transfusion, send blood and tubing to.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

52 Transfusion reactions - Knowledge @ AMBOSS
https://www-amboss-com.db.rsu.lv/us/knowledge/Transfusion_reactions/
Immunological transfusion reactions · Immediately stop transfusion and notify the blood bank. · Perform Direct Coombs test on recipient blood. · Repeat blood ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

53 Section A - JRCPTB |
https://www.jrcptb.org.uk/sites/default/files/Transfusion%20Training%20Checklist%20May%202015.docx
The Transfusion Training Checklist for Haematology Trainees is aimed at integrating ... Learn Blood Transfusion elearning module on 'Transfusion Reactions' ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

54 Blood Transfusions - Red Cross Blood Donation
https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/blood-donation-process/what-happens-to-donated-blood/blood-transfusions.html
A nurse or doctor will check the patient's blood pressure, pulse, and temperature before starting the transfusion. During the Procedure. The blood transfusion ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

55 Transfusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients: An Analysis of 5 ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.660297/full
The types of blood transfusion reactions were mainly allergic reactions (86.67%) and febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs, 4.24%) ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

56 SHOT
https://www.shotuk.org/
... information on adverse events and reactions in blood transfusion from all healthcare organisations that are involved ... Safe Transfusion Checklist 2020.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

57 Screening Checklist for Contraindications to Vaccines for Adults
https://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4065.pdf
Have you ever had a serious reaction after receiving a vaccination? ... During the past year, have you received a transfusion of blood or blood products,.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

58 ANTIBODY ID CHECKLIST CHEAT SHEET - Blood Academy
https://www.blood-academy.com/guidelines/antibody-id-checklist-cheat-sheet/
AUTOCONTROL · POSITIVE. Autoantibody or drug interaction. Delayed transfusion reaction: transfused cells are sensitised with the antibody ; PHASES OF TESTING. +IS.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

59 Blood Bank Checklist : Clinical Laboratory Science Program
https://www.health.txst.edu/cls/clinical-affiliates/bloodbank-rotation.html
Identify the adverse effects of blood transfusion: Investigate all suspected reactions; Follow a protocol for follow- up of reported reactions.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

60 Checklist.Administering blood transfusion - StuDocu
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-cebu/maternal-and-child-in-nursing/checklistadministering-blood-transfusion/30661476
Document any complications or reactions and whether the patient had received the transfusion without any complications or reactions. Document the assessment of ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

61 Evaluating the Frequency of Vital Sign Monitoring During ...
https://www.ons.org/cjon/19/5/evaluating-frequency-vital-sign-monitoring-during-blood-transfusion-evidence-based
Only 9% of the transfusion reactions were discovered by routine vital sign ... The transfusion checklist from the College of American Pathologists (2011) ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

62 Action 7.05 | Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in ...
https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/standards/nsqhs-standards/blood-management-standard/prescribing-and-clinical-use-blood-and-blood-products/action-705
Known patient transfusion history, including RBC antibodies, transfusion reactions, and any adverse reactions to blood or blood products; Blood or blood product ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

63 Transfusion Essentials - Saskatoon Health Region
http://www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca/locations_services/Services/Pathology-Laboratory-Med/healthpractitioners/Pages/Test%20catalogue/transfusionessentials.aspx
Adverse Event · Best Transfusion Practice Recommendations · Components (RBC, Plasma, Platelets) · Component and Product Pick Up · Order Sets · Patient Instructional ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

64 Safe Transfusion Practice: Use a bedside checklist 1 Actions 2
https://www.cas.mhra.gov.uk/ViewandAcknowledgment/ViewAttachment.aspx?Attachment_id=102864
There were seven ABO-incompatible transfusions reported to SHOT in 2015, ... Over the same period of time the number of serious reactions ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

65 Safe Transfusion Practice Workbook
https://www.uhs.nhs.uk/Media/suhtideal/CommonStatutoryAndMandatoryTraining/BloodTransfusionSafeTransfusionPractice/SafeTransfusionPracticeWorkbook.pdf
Pre-collection checklist ... Appendix 2: Adverse Reactions to a Blood Transfusion 5 ... a transfusion reaction occurring this.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

66 Creation and validation of a checklist for blood transfusion in ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Creation-and-validation-of-a-checklist-for-blood-in-Bezerra-Cardoso/12b56976e9787d12eb6f56fa8bdc6a76b82e3350
The checklist for blood transfusion in children was considered a technology with valid content to be used in the transfusion performed by ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

67 BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS - ALBUMIN ADMINISTRATION
https://www.rqhealth.ca/service-lines/clinical-quality-professional-practice/files/B.1.2.pdf
Blood and Blood Products Administration Checklist – Appendix #2 ... Discuss previous reactions to albumin and document. 4. Don PPE.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

68 Blood transfusion safety Checklist - by Dr Alpesh Gandhi (VP ...
https://www.bsog.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/BT%20guidelines.pdf
Patient's past H/O related to BT, indication, reaction to or complication because of BT should be evaluated, if any. 9. Blood received from blood bank can be ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

69 Managing a Transfusion Reaction | Nurses Zone
https://thenurseszone.com/managing-a-transfusion-reaction/
Acute transfusion reactions present as adverse signs or symptoms during or within 24 hours of a blood transfusion.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

70 Bacterial Contamination of Platelets | Blood Safety - CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/bloodsafety/bbp/bacterial-contamination-of-platelets.html
Background · For patients who have received blood or blood components and develop signs or symptoms of bacteremia/sepsis, treating clinicians should [continue to] ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

71 Proportion of Acute Transfusion Reaction and Associated ...
https://www.dovepress.com/proportion-of-acute-transfusion-reaction-and-associated-factors-among--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JBM
Conclusion: Acute transfusion reactions were observed in 5.2% of patients (allergic reactions (65%), febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

72 Transfusion of Blood Component and Products
https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/wf/lab/wf-lab-clin-tm-manual-lm.pdf
10. recognize transfusion reaction signs and symptoms, and discuss the processes ... checklist, you have completed the requirements for Transfusion of Blood.
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

73 Blood Transfusion Therapy Nursing Interventions ... - Nurseslabs
https://nurseslabs.com/blood-transfusion-therapy-nursing-management/
1. Allergic Reaction · 2. Febrile, Non-Hemolytic · 3. Septic Reaction · 4. Circulatory Overload · 5. Hemolytic reaction – ...
→ Check Latest Keyword Rankings ←

74 StatusCode=-1 ---!>